Services or capabilities described in Amazon Web Services documentation might vary by Region. To see the differences applicable to the China Regions, see Getting Started with Amazon Web Services in China (PDF).

Step 6: Query the system tables

In addition to the tables that you create, your data warehouse contains a number of system tables and views. These system tables contain information about your installation and about the various queries and processes that are running on the system. You can query these system tables to collect information about your database. For more information, see System tables and views reference in the Amazon Redshift Database Developer Guide. The description for each table or view indicates whether a table is visible to all users or only to superusers. Log in as a superuser to query tables that are visible only to superusers.

View a list of table names

To view a list of all tables in a schema, you can query the PG_TABLE_DEF system catalog table. You can first examine the setting for search_path.

SHOW search_path;

The result should look similar to the following,

  search_path
---------------
 $user, public

The following example adds the SALES schema to the search path and shows all the tables in the SALES schema.

set search_path to '$user', 'public', 'sales';
                
SHOW search_path;

      search_path       
------------------------
 "$user", public, sales


select * from pg_table_def where schemaname = 'sales';

 schemaname | tablename |  column  |          type          | encoding | distkey | sortkey | notnull 
------------+-----------+----------+------------------------+----------+---------+---------+---------
 sales      | demo      | personid | integer                | az64     | f       |       0 | f
 sales      | demo      | city     | character varying(255) | lzo      | f       |       0 | f

The following example shows a list of all tables called DEMO in all schemas on the current database.

set search_path to '$user', 'public', 'sales';
select * from pg_table_def where tablename = 'demo';

 schemaname | tablename |  column  |          type          | encoding | distkey | sortkey | notnull 
------------+-----------+----------+------------------------+----------+---------+---------+---------
 public     | demo      | personid | integer                | az64     | f       |       0 | f
 public     | demo      | city     | character varying(255) | lzo      | f       |       0 | f
 sales      | demo      | personid | integer                | az64     | f       |       0 | f
 sales      | demo      | city     | character varying(255) | lzo      | f       |       0 | f

For more information, see PG_TABLE_DEF.

You can also use the Amazon Redshift query editor v2 to view all the tables in a specified schema by first choosing a database that you want to connect to.

View users

You can query the PG_USER catalog to view a list of all users, along with the user ID (USESYSID) and user privileges.

SELECT * FROM pg_user;

  usename   | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | usecatupd |  passwd  | valuntil | useconfig
------------+----------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------
 rdsdb      |        1 | true        | true     | true      | ******** | infinity |
 awsuser    |      100 | true        | true     | false     | ******** |          |
 guest      |      104 | true        | false    | false     | ******** |          |

The user name rdsdb is used internally by Amazon Redshift to perform routine administrative and maintenance tasks. You can filter your query to show only user-defined user names by adding where usesysid > 1 to your SELECT statement.

SELECT * FROM pg_user WHERE usesysid > 1;

  usename   | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | usecatupd |  passwd  | valuntil | useconfig
------------+----------+-------------+----------+-----------+----------+----------+-----------
 awsuser    |      100 | true        | true     | false     | ******** |          |
 guest      |      104 | true        | false    | false     | ******** |          |

View recent queries

In the previous example, the user ID (user_id) for adminuser is 100. To list the four most recent queries run by adminuser, you can query the SYS_QUERY_HISTORY view.

You can use this view to find the query ID (query_id) or process ID (session_id) for a recently run query. You can also use this view to check how long it took a query to complete. SYS_QUERY_HISTORY includes the first 4,000 characters of the query string (query_text) to help you locate a specific query. Use the LIMIT clause with your SELECT statement to limit the results.

SELECT query_id, session_id, elapsed_time, query_text 
FROM sys_query_history
WHERE user_id = 100
ORDER BY start_time desc
LIMIT 4;

The result look something like the following.

 query_id |  session_id  |  elapsed_time |   query_text
----------+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 892      |    21046     |       55868   | SELECT query, pid, elapsed, substring from ...
 620      |    17635     |     1296265   | SELECT query, pid, elapsed, substring from ...
 610      |    17607     |       82555   | SELECT * from DEMO; 
 596      |    16762     |      226372   | INSERT INTO DEMO VALUES (100);

Determine the session ID of a running query

To retrieve system table information about a query, you might need to specify the session ID (process ID) associated with that query. Or, you might need to find the session ID for a query that is still running. For example, you need the session ID if you need to cancel a query that is taking too long to run on a provisioned cluster. You can query the STV_RECENTS system table to obtain a list of session IDs for running queries, along with the corresponding query string. If your query returns multiple session, you can look at the query text to determine which session ID you need.

To determine the session ID of a running query, run the following SELECT statement.

SELECT session_id, user_id, start_time, query_text
FROM sys_query_history
WHERE status='running';