使用 Amazon CloudFormation 创建启动模板

本节提供了使用 Amazon CloudFormation 创建 Amazon EC2 启动模板的示例。启动模板允许您创建用于在 Amazon 中配置和预置 Amazon EC2 实例的模板。通过启动模板，您可以存储启动参数，而无需在每次启动实例时都指定这些参数。有关更多示例，请参阅 AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate 资源中的示例部分。

有关启动模板的更多信息，请参阅从启动模板启动实例。

有关创建启动模板用于自动扩缩组的信息，请参阅《Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling 用户指南》中的启动模板。

创建指定安全组、标签、用户数据和 IAM 角色的启动模板

此代码段显示 AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate 资源，其中包含启动实例的配置信息。您可以为 ImageId、InstanceType、SecurityGroups、UserData 和 TagSpecifications 属性指定值。SecurityGroups 属性会指定一个现有 EC2 安全组和一个新安全组。Ref 函数会获取在堆栈模板中其他位置声明的 AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup 资源 myNewEC2SecurityGroup 的 ID。

启动模板包括自定义用户数据的部分。在本节中，您可以传入实例启动时运行的配置任务和脚本。在此示例中，用户数据安装 Amazon Systems Manager 代理并启动该代理。

启动模板还包含一个 IAM 角色，该角色允许在实例上运行的应用程序代表您执行操作。此示例显示启动模板的 AWS::IAM::Role 资源，其使用 IamInstanceProfile 属性来指定 IAM 角色。Ref 函数获取 AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile 资源的名称 myInstanceProfile。要配置 IAM 角色的权限，请指定 ManagedPolicyArns 属性的值。

{
  "Resources":{
    "myLaunchTemplate":{
      "Type":"AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate",
      "Properties":{
        "LaunchTemplateName":{ "Fn::Sub": "${AWS::StackName}-launch-template" },
        "LaunchTemplateData":{
          "ImageId":"ami-02354e95b3example",
          "InstanceType":"t3.micro",
          "IamInstanceProfile":{
            "Name":{
              "Ref":"myInstanceProfile"
            }
          },
          "SecurityGroupIds":[
            {
              "Ref":"myNewEC2SecurityGroup"
            },
            "sg-083cd3bfb8example"
          ],
          "UserData":{
            "Fn::Base64":{
              "Fn::Join": [
                "", [
                  "#!/bin/bash\n",
                  "cd /tmp\n",
                  "yum install -y https://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads-windows/SSMAgent/latest/linux_amd64/amazon-ssm-agent.rpm\n",
                  "systemctl enable amazon-ssm-agent\n",
                  "systemctl start amazon-ssm-agent\n"
                ]
              ]
            }
          },
          "TagSpecifications":[
            {
              "ResourceType":"instance",
              "Tags":[
                {
                  "Key":"environment",
                  "Value":"development"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "ResourceType":"volume",
              "Tags":[
                {
                  "Key":"environment",
                  "Value":"development"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    "myInstanceRole":{
      "Type":"AWS::IAM::Role",
      "Properties":{
        "RoleName":"InstanceRole",
        "AssumeRolePolicyDocument":{
          "Version":"2012-10-17",
          "Statement":[
            {
              "Effect":"Allow",
              "Principal":{
                "Service":[
                  "ec2.amazonaws.com"
                ]
              },
              "Action":[
                "sts:AssumeRole"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "ManagedPolicyArns":[
          "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/myCustomerManagedPolicy"
        ]
      }
    },
    "myInstanceProfile":{
      "Type":"AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile",
      "Properties":{
        "Path":"/",
        "Roles":[
          {
            "Ref":"myInstanceRole"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
} 

---
Resources:
  myLaunchTemplate:
    Type: AWS::EC2::LaunchTemplate
    Properties:
      LaunchTemplateName: !Sub ${AWS::StackName}-launch-template
      LaunchTemplateData:
        ImageId: ami-02354e95b3example
        InstanceType: t3.micro
        IamInstanceProfile:
          Name: !Ref myInstanceProfile
        SecurityGroupIds:
        - !Ref myNewEC2SecurityGroup
        - sg-083cd3bfb8example
        UserData:
          Fn::Base64: !Sub |
            #!/bin/bash
            cd /tmp
            yum install -y https://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads-windows/SSMAgent/latest/linux_amd64/amazon-ssm-agent.rpm
            systemctl enable amazon-ssm-agent
            systemctl start amazon-ssm-agent
        TagSpecifications:
        - ResourceType: instance
          Tags:
          - Key: environment
            Value: development
        - ResourceType: volume
          Tags:
          - Key: environment
            Value: development
  myInstanceRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: InstanceRole
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
        - Effect: 'Allow'
          Principal:
            Service:
            - 'ec2.amazonaws.com'
          Action:
          - 'sts:AssumeRole'
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - 'arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/myCustomerManagedPolicy'
  myInstanceProfile:
    Type: AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile
    Properties:
      Path: '/'
      Roles:
      - !Ref myInstanceRole