Setting up the pgAudit extension

To set up the pgAudit extension on your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster, you first add pgAudit to the shared libraries on the custom DB cluster parameter group for your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. For information about creating a custom DB cluster parameter group, see Parameter groups for Amazon Aurora. Next, you install the pgAudit extension. Finally, you specify the databases and objects that you want to audit. The procedures in this section show you how. You can use the Amazon Web Services Management Console or the Amazon CLI.

You must have permissions as the rds_superuser role to perform all these tasks.

The steps following assume that your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster is associated with a custom DB cluster parameter group.

To set up the pgAudit extension

Sign in to the Amazon Web Services Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at https://console.amazonaws.cn/rds/.
In the navigation pane, choose your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster's Writer instance .
Open the Configuration tab for your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster writer instance. Among the Instance details, find the Parameter group link.
Choose the link to open the custom parameters associated with your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.
In the Parameters search field, type shared_pre to find the shared_preload_libraries parameter.
Choose Edit parameters to access the property values.
Add pgaudit to the list in the Values field. Use a comma to separate items in the list of values.
Reboot the writer instance of your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster so that your change to the shared_preload_libraries parameter takes effect.
When the instance is available, verify that pgAudit has been initialized. Use psql to connect to the writer instance of your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster, and then run the following command.
```
SHOW shared_preload_libraries;
shared_preload_libraries 
--------------------------
rdsutils,pgaudit
(1 row) 
```
With pgAudit initialized, you can now create the extension. You need to create the extension after initializing the library because the pgaudit extension installs event triggers for auditing data definition language (DDL) statements.
```
CREATE EXTENSION pgaudit;
```
Close the psql session.
```
labdb=> \q
```
Sign in to the Amazon Web Services Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at https://console.amazonaws.cn/rds/.
Find the pgaudit.log parameter in the list and set to the appropriate value for your use case. For example, setting the pgaudit.log parameter to write as shown in the following image captures inserts, updates, deletes, and some other types changes to the log.

You can also choose one of the following values for the pgaudit.log parameter.
- none – This is the default. No database changes are logged.
- all – Logs everything (read, write, function, role, ddl, misc).
- ddl – Logs all data definition language (DDL) statements that aren't included in the ROLE class.
- function – Logs function calls and DO blocks.
- misc – Logs miscellaneous commands, such as DISCARD, FETCH, CHECKPOINT, VACUUM, and SET.
- read – Logs SELECT and COPY when the source is a relation (such as a table) or a query.
- role – Logs statements related to roles and privileges, such as GRANT, REVOKE, CREATE ROLE, ALTER ROLE, and DROP ROLE.
- write – Logs INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and COPY when the destination is a relation (table).
Choose Save changes.
Open the Amazon RDS console at https://console.amazonaws.cn/rds/.
Choose your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster's writer instance from the Databases list.

To setup pgAudit

To setup pgAudit using the Amazon CLI, you call the modify-db-parameter-group operation to modify the audit log parameters in your custom parameter group, as shown in the following procedure.

Use the following Amazon CLI command to add pgaudit to the shared_preload_libraries parameter.


aws rds modify-db-parameter-group \
   --db-parameter-group-name custom-param-group-name \
   --parameters "ParameterName=shared_preload_libraries,ParameterValue=pgaudit,ApplyMethod=pending-reboot" \
   --region aws-region

Use the following Amazon CLI command to reboot the writer instance of your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster so that the pgaudit library is initialized.
```
aws rds reboot-db-instance \
    --db-instance-identifier writer-instance \
    --region aws-region
```
When the instance is available, you can verify that pgaudit has been initialized. Use psql to connect to the writer instance of your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster, and then run the following command.
```
SHOW shared_preload_libraries;
shared_preload_libraries 
--------------------------
rdsutils,pgaudit
(1 row) 
```
With pgAudit initialized, you can now create the extension.
```
CREATE EXTENSION pgaudit;
```
Close the psql session so that you can use the Amazon CLI.
```
labdb=> \q
```
Use the following Amazon CLI command to specify the classes of statement that want logged by session audit logging. The example sets the pgaudit.log parameter to write, which captures inserts, updates, and deletes to the log.
```
aws rds modify-db-parameter-group \
   --db-parameter-group-name custom-param-group-name \
   --parameters "ParameterName=pgaudit.log,ParameterValue=write,ApplyMethod=pending-reboot" \
   --region aws-region
```
You can also choose one of the following values for the pgaudit.log parameter.
- none – This is the default. No database changes are logged.
- all – Logs everything (read, write, function, role, ddl, misc).
- ddl – Logs all data definition language (DDL) statements that aren't included in the ROLE class.
- function – Logs function calls and DO blocks.
- misc – Logs miscellaneous commands, such as DISCARD, FETCH, CHECKPOINT, VACUUM, and SET.
- read – Logs SELECT and COPY when the source is a relation (such as a table) or a query.
- role – Logs statements related to roles and privileges, such as GRANT, REVOKE, CREATE ROLE, ALTER ROLE, and DROP ROLE.
- write – Logs INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and COPY when the destination is a relation (table).
Reboot the writer instance of your Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster using the following Amazon CLI command.
```
aws rds reboot-db-instance \
    --db-instance-identifier writer-instance \
    --region aws-region
```

Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser.

To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions.

Using pgAudit to log database activity

Auditing database objects