使用分区投影在 Athena 中为 CloudTrail 日志创建表

由于 CloudTrail 日志具有一个已知结构，您可以预先指定该结构的分区方案，因此可以使用 Athena 分区投影功能减少查询运行时间并自动管理分区。当添加新数据时，分区投影会自动添加新分区。这样就不必使用 ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION 手动添加分区了。

以下示例 CREATE TABLE 语句会自动在 CloudTrail 日志上从指定日期开始到当前为单个 Amazon Web Services 区域 使用分区投影。在 LOCATION 和 storage.location.template 子句中，将存储桶、account-id 和 aws-region 占位符替换为对应的相同值。对于 projection.timestamp.range，将 2020/01/01 替换为要使用的开始日期。成功运行查询后，您可以查询表。您无需运行 ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION 来加载分区。

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE cloudtrail_logs_pp(
    eventVersion STRING,
    userIdentity STRUCT<
        type: STRING,
        principalId: STRING,
        arn: STRING,
        accountId: STRING,
        invokedBy: STRING,
        accessKeyId: STRING,
        userName: STRING,
        onBehalfOf: STRUCT<
             userId: STRING,
             identityStoreArn: STRING>,
        sessionContext: STRUCT<
            attributes: STRUCT<
                mfaAuthenticated: STRING,
                creationDate: STRING>,
            sessionIssuer: STRUCT<
                type: STRING,
                principalId: STRING,
                arn: STRING,
                accountId: STRING,
                userName: STRING>,
            ec2RoleDelivery:string,
            webIdFederationData: STRUCT<
                federatedProvider: STRING,
                attributes: map<string,string>
            >
        >
    >,
    eventTime STRING,
    eventSource STRING,
    eventName STRING,
    awsRegion STRING,
    sourceIpAddress STRING,
    userAgent STRING,
    errorCode STRING,
    errorMessage STRING,
    requestparameters STRING,
    responseelements STRING,
    additionaleventdata STRING,
    requestId STRING,
    eventId STRING,
    readOnly STRING,
    resources ARRAY<STRUCT<
        arn: STRING,
        accountId: STRING,
        type: STRING>>,
    eventType STRING,
    apiVersion STRING,
    recipientAccountId STRING,
    serviceEventDetails STRING,
    sharedEventID STRING,
    vpcendpointid STRING,
    eventCategory STRING,
    tlsDetails struct<
        tlsVersion:string,
        cipherSuite:string,
        clientProvidedHostHeader:string>
  )
PARTITIONED BY (
   `timestamp` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hive.hcatalog.data.JsonSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'com.amazon.emr.cloudtrail.CloudTrailInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  's3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/AWSLogs/account-id/CloudTrail/aws-region'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'projection.enabled'='true', 
  'projection.timestamp.format'='yyyy/MM/dd', 
  'projection.timestamp.interval'='1', 
  'projection.timestamp.interval.unit'='DAYS', 
  'projection.timestamp.range'='2020/01/01,NOW', 
  'projection.timestamp.type'='date', 
  'storage.location.template'='s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/AWSLogs/account-id/CloudTrail/aws-region/${timestamp}')

更多有关分区投影的信息，请参阅 将分区投影与 Amazon Athena 结合使用。