Configuring GTID-based replication with an external source instance

To start replication

1. Make the source MariaDB instance read-only:

   mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
   mysql> SET GLOBAL read_only = ON; 

2. Get the current GTID of the external MariaDB instance. You can do this by using mysql or the query editor of your choice to run SELECT @@gtid_current_pos;.

   The GTID is formatted as <domain-id>-<server-id>-<sequence-id>. A typical GTID looks something like 0-1234510749-1728. For more information about GTIDs and their component parts, see Global transaction ID in the MariaDB documentation.

3. Copy the database from the external MariaDB instance to the MariaDB DB instance using mysqldump. For very large databases, you might want to use the procedure in Importing data to an Amazon RDS MariaDB or MySQL database with reduced downtime.

   For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

   mysqldump \
       --databases database_name \
       --single-transaction \
       --compress \
       --order-by-primary \
       -u local_user \
       -plocal_password | mysql \
           --host=hostname \
           --port=3306 \
           -u RDS_user_name \
           -pRDS_password

   For Windows:

   mysqldump ^
       --databases database_name ^
       --single-transaction ^
       --compress ^
       --order-by-primary \
       -u local_user \
       -plocal_password | mysql ^
           --host=hostname ^
           --port=3306 ^
           -u RDS_user_name ^
           -pRDS_password

   Note

   Make sure that there isn't a space between the -p option and the entered password.

   Specify a password other than the prompt shown here as a security best practice.

   Use the --host, --user (-u), --port and -p options in the mysql command to specify the host name, user name, port, and password to connect to your MariaDB DB instance. The host name is the DNS name from the MariaDB DB instance endpoint, for example myinstance.123456789012.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com. You can find the endpoint value in the instance details in the Amazon RDS Management Console.

4. Make the source MariaDB instance writeable again.

   mysql> SET GLOBAL read_only = OFF;
   mysql> UNLOCK TABLES; 

5. In the Amazon RDS Management Console, add the IP address of the server that hosts the external MariaDB database to the VPC security group for the MariaDB DB instance. For more information on modifying a VPC security group, go to Security groups for your VPC in the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud User Guide.

   The IP address can change when the following conditions are met:

   • You are using a public IP address for communication between the external source instance and the DB instance.

   • The external source instance was stopped and restarted.

   If these conditions are met, verify the IP address before adding it.

   You might also need to configure your local network to permit connections from the IP address of your MariaDB DB instance, so that it can communicate with your external MariaDB instance. To find the IP address of the MariaDB DB instance, use the host command.

   host db_instance_endpoint

   The host name is the DNS name from the MariaDB DB instance endpoint.

6. Using the client of your choice, connect to the external MariaDB instance and create a MariaDB user to be used for replication. This account is used solely for replication and must be restricted to your domain to improve security. The following is an example.

   CREATE USER 'repl_user'@'mydomain.com' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

   Note

   Specify a password other than the prompt shown here as a security best practice.

7. For the external MariaDB instance, grant REPLICATION CLIENT and REPLICATION SLAVE privileges to your replication user. For example, to grant the REPLICATION CLIENT and REPLICATION SLAVE privileges on all databases for the 'repl_user' user for your domain, issue the following command.

   GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl_user'@'mydomain.com';

8. Make the MariaDB DB instance the replica. Connect to the MariaDB DB instance as the master user and identify the external MariaDB database as the replication source instance by using the mysql.rds_set_external_master_gtid command. Use the GTID that you determined in Step 2. The following is an example.

   CALL mysql.rds_set_external_master_gtid ('mymasterserver.mydomain.com', 3306, 'repl_user', 'password', 'GTID', 0);

   Note

   Specify a password other than the prompt shown here as a security best practice.

9. On the MariaDB DB instance, issue the mysql.rds_start_replication command to start replication.

   CALL mysql.rds_start_replication;