Use PutBucketPolicy with an Amazon SDK or CLI

bool AwsDoc::S3::PutBucketPolicy(const Aws::String &bucketName,
                                 const Aws::String &policyBody,
                                 const Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration &clientConfig) {
    Aws::S3::S3Client s3_client(clientConfig);

    std::shared_ptr<Aws::StringStream> request_body =
            Aws::MakeShared<Aws::StringStream>("");
    *request_body << policyBody;

    Aws::S3::Model::PutBucketPolicyRequest request;
    request.SetBucket(bucketName);
    request.SetBody(request_body);

    Aws::S3::Model::PutBucketPolicyOutcome outcome =
            s3_client.PutBucketPolicy(request);

    if (!outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        std::cerr << "Error: PutBucketPolicy: "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage() << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Set the following policy body for the bucket '" <<
                  bucketName << "':" << std::endl << std::endl;
        std::cout << policyBody << std::endl;
    }

    return outcome.IsSuccess();
}


//! Build a policy JSON string.
/*!
  \sa GetPolicyString()
  \param userArn Aws user Amazon Resource Name (ARN).
      For more information, see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_identifiers.html#identifiers-arns.
  \param bucketName Name of a bucket.
*/

Aws::String GetPolicyString(const Aws::String &userArn,
                            const Aws::String &bucketName) {
    return
            "{\n"
            "   \"Version\":\"2012-10-17\",\n"
            "   \"Statement\":[\n"
            "       {\n"
            "           \"Sid\": \"1\",\n"
            "           \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n"
            "           \"Principal\": {\n"
            "               \"AWS\": \""
            + userArn +
            "\"\n""           },\n"
            "           \"Action\": [ \"s3:GetObject\" ],\n"
            "           \"Resource\": [ \"arn:aws:s3:::"
            + bucketName +
            "/*\" ]\n"
            "       }\n"
            "   ]\n"
            "}";
}

This example allows all users to retrieve any object in MyBucket except those in the MySecretFolder. It also grants put and delete permission to the root user of the Amazon account 1234-5678-9012:

aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket MyBucket --policy file://policy.json

policy.json:
{
   "Statement": [
      {
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Principal": "*",
         "Action": "s3:GetObject",
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::MyBucket/*"
      },
      {
         "Effect": "Deny",
         "Principal": "*",
         "Action": "s3:GetObject",
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::MyBucket/MySecretFolder/*"
      },
      {
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Principal": {
            "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root"
         },
         "Action": [
            "s3:DeleteObject",
            "s3:PutObject"
         ],
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::MyBucket/*"
      }
   ]
}

import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.PutBucketPolicyRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.S3Exception;
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.List;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

/**
 * Before running this Java V2 code example, set up your development
 * environment, including your credentials.
 *
 * For more information, see the following documentation topic:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html
 */
public class SetBucketPolicy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String usage = """

                Usage:
                    <bucketName> <polFile>

                Where:
                    bucketName - The Amazon S3 bucket to set the policy on.
                    polFile - A JSON file containing the policy (see the Amazon S3 Readme for an example).\s
                """;

        if (args.length != 2) {
            System.out.println(usage);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        String bucketName = args[0];
        String polFile = args[1];
        String policyText = getBucketPolicyFromFile(polFile);
        Region region = Region.US_EAST_1;
        S3Client s3 = S3Client.builder()
                .region(region)
                .build();

        setPolicy(s3, bucketName, policyText);
        s3.close();
    }

    public static void setPolicy(S3Client s3, String bucketName, String policyText) {
        System.out.println("Setting policy:");
        System.out.println("----");
        System.out.println(policyText);
        System.out.println("----");
        System.out.format("On Amazon S3 bucket: \"%s\"\n", bucketName);

        try {
            PutBucketPolicyRequest policyReq = PutBucketPolicyRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .policy(policyText)
                    .build();

            s3.putBucketPolicy(policyReq);

        } catch (S3Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        System.out.println("Done!");
    }

    // Loads a JSON-formatted policy from a file
    public static String getBucketPolicyFromFile(String policyFile) {

        StringBuilder fileText = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(policyFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            for (String line : lines) {
                fileText.append(line);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.format("Problem reading file: \"%s\"", policyFile);
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        try {
            final JsonParser parser = new ObjectMapper().getFactory().createParser(fileText.toString());
            while (parser.nextToken() != null) {
            }

        } catch (IOException jpe) {
            jpe.printStackTrace();
        }
        return fileText.toString();
    }
}

Add the policy.

import { PutBucketPolicyCommand, S3Client } from "@aws-sdk/client-s3";

const client = new S3Client({});

export const main = async () => {
  const command = new PutBucketPolicyCommand({
    Policy: JSON.stringify({
      Version: "2012-10-17",
      Statement: [
        {
          Sid: "AllowGetObject",
          // Allow this particular user to call GetObject on any object in this bucket.
          Effect: "Allow",
          Principal: {
            AWS: "arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT-ID:user/USERNAME",
          },
          Action: "s3:GetObject",
          Resource: "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET-NAME/*",
        },
      ],
    }),
    // Apply the preceding policy to this bucket.
    Bucket: "BUCKET-NAME",
  });

  try {
    const response = await client.send(command);
    console.log(response);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
  }
};

class BucketWrapper:
    """Encapsulates S3 bucket actions."""

    def __init__(self, bucket):
        """
        :param bucket: A Boto3 Bucket resource. This is a high-level resource in Boto3
                       that wraps bucket actions in a class-like structure.
        """
        self.bucket = bucket
        self.name = bucket.name


    def put_policy(self, policy):
        """
        Apply a security policy to the bucket. Policies control users' ability
        to perform specific actions, such as listing the objects in the bucket.

        :param policy: The policy to apply to the bucket.
        """
        try:
            self.bucket.Policy().put(Policy=json.dumps(policy))
            logger.info("Put policy %s for bucket '%s'.", policy, self.bucket.name)
        except ClientError:
            logger.exception("Couldn't apply policy to bucket '%s'.", self.bucket.name)
            raise

# Wraps an Amazon S3 bucket policy.
class BucketPolicyWrapper
  attr_reader :bucket_policy

  # @param bucket_policy [Aws::S3::BucketPolicy] A bucket policy object configured with an existing bucket.
  def initialize(bucket_policy)
    @bucket_policy = bucket_policy
  end

  # Sets a policy on a bucket.
  #
  def set_policy(policy)
    @bucket_policy.put(policy: policy)
    true
  rescue Aws::Errors::ServiceError => e
    puts "Couldn't set the policy for #{@bucket_policy.bucket.name}. Here's why: #{e.message}"
    false
  end

end