# Moving hardcoded secrets to Secrets Manager
<a name="iam_example_secrets_manager_GettingStarted_073_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create IAM roles
+ Create a secret in Secrets Manager
+ Update your application code
+ Update the secret
+ Clean up resources

------
#### [ Bash ]

**Amazon CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/073-aws-secrets-manager-gs) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# Script to move hardcoded secrets to AWS Secrets Manager
# This script demonstrates how to create IAM roles, store a secret in AWS Secrets Manager,
# and set up appropriate permissions

set -euo pipefail

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="secrets_manager_tutorial.log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "Starting AWS Secrets Manager tutorial script at $(date)"
echo "======================================================"

# Function to check for errors in command output
check_error() {
    local output=$1
    local cmd=$2
    
    if echo "$output" | grep -qi "error"; then
        echo "ERROR: Command failed: $cmd"
        echo "$output"
        cleanup_resources
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Function to generate a random identifier using secure method
generate_random_id() {
    python3 -c "import secrets; print('sm' + secrets.token_hex(4))"
}

# Function to safely clean up resources
cleanup_resources() {
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "RESOURCES CREATED"
    echo "==========================================="
    
    if [ -n "${SECRET_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "Secret: $SECRET_NAME"
    fi
    
    if [ -n "${RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "IAM Role: $RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
    fi
    
    if [ -n "${ADMIN_ROLE_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "IAM Role: $ADMIN_ROLE_NAME"
    fi
    
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "Cleaning up all created resources..."
    
    # Delete secret if it exists
    if [ -n "${SECRET_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "Deleting secret: $SECRET_NAME"
        aws secretsmanager delete-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" --force-delete-without-recovery 2>/dev/null || true
    fi
    
    # Detach policies and delete runtime role if it exists
    if [ -n "${RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "Deleting inline policies from runtime role: $RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
        for policy in $(aws iam list-role-policies --role-name "$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME" --query 'PolicyNames[]' --output text 2>/dev/null || true); do
            aws iam delete-role-policy --role-name "$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME" --policy-name "$policy" 2>/dev/null || true
        done
        echo "Deleting IAM role: $RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
        aws iam delete-role --role-name "$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME" 2>/dev/null || true
    fi
    
    # Detach policies and delete admin role if it exists
    if [ -n "${ADMIN_ROLE_NAME:-}" ]; then
        echo "Detaching policy from role: $ADMIN_ROLE_NAME"
        aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/SecretsManagerReadWrite" 2>/dev/null || true
        
        for policy in $(aws iam list-role-policies --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" --query 'PolicyNames[]' --output text 2>/dev/null || true); do
            aws iam delete-role-policy --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" --policy-name "$policy" 2>/dev/null || true
        done
        
        echo "Deleting IAM role: $ADMIN_ROLE_NAME"
        aws iam delete-role --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" 2>/dev/null || true
    fi
    
    echo "Cleanup completed."
}

# Trap to ensure cleanup on script exit
trap 'echo "Script interrupted. Running cleanup..."; cleanup_resources' INT TERM EXIT

# Generate random identifiers for resources
ADMIN_ROLE_NAME="SecretsManagerAdmin-$(generate_random_id)"
RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME="RoleToRetrieveSecretAtRuntime-$(generate_random_id)"
SECRET_NAME="MyAPIKey-$(generate_random_id)"

echo "Using the following resource names:"
echo "Admin Role: $ADMIN_ROLE_NAME"
echo "Runtime Role: $RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
echo "Secret Name: $SECRET_NAME"
echo ""

# Step 1: Create IAM roles
echo "Creating IAM roles..."

# Create assume role policy document
ASSUME_ROLE_POLICY=$(cat <<'EOF'
{
    "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com"
            },
            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
)

# Create the SecretsManagerAdmin role
echo "Creating admin role: $ADMIN_ROLE_NAME"
ADMIN_ROLE_OUTPUT=$(aws iam create-role \
    --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" \
    --assume-role-policy-document "$ASSUME_ROLE_POLICY" 2>&1)

check_error "$ADMIN_ROLE_OUTPUT" "create-role for admin"
echo "$ADMIN_ROLE_OUTPUT"
aws iam tag-role --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=aws-secrets-manager-gs

# Attach the SecretsManagerReadWrite policy to the admin role
echo "Attaching SecretsManagerReadWrite policy to admin role"
ATTACH_POLICY_OUTPUT=$(aws iam attach-role-policy \
    --role-name "$ADMIN_ROLE_NAME" \
    --policy-arn "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/SecretsManagerReadWrite" 2>&1)

check_error "$ATTACH_POLICY_OUTPUT" "attach-role-policy for admin"
echo "Policy attached successfully"

# Create the RoleToRetrieveSecretAtRuntime role
echo "Creating runtime role: $RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
RUNTIME_ROLE_OUTPUT=$(aws iam create-role \
    --role-name "$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME" \
    --assume-role-policy-document "$ASSUME_ROLE_POLICY" 2>&1)

check_error "$RUNTIME_ROLE_OUTPUT" "create-role for runtime"
echo "$RUNTIME_ROLE_OUTPUT"
aws iam tag-role --role-name "$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME" --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=aws-secrets-manager-gs

# Wait for roles to be fully created
echo "Waiting for IAM roles to be fully created..."
sleep 10

# Step 2: Create a secret in AWS Secrets Manager
echo "Creating secret in AWS Secrets Manager..."

# Generate secure secret value using environment variable or secure method
# WARNING: In production, use secure methods to inject secrets (AWS CodeBuild, parameter store, etc.)
if [ -z "${TUTORIAL_SECRET_VALUE:-}" ]; then
    SECRET_VALUE=$(python3 -c "import json; print(json.dumps({'ClientID':'my_client_id','ClientSecret':__import__('secrets').token_urlsafe(32)}))")
else
    SECRET_VALUE="$TUTORIAL_SECRET_VALUE"
fi

CREATE_SECRET_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager create-secret \
    --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
    --description "API key for my application" \
    --secret-string "$SECRET_VALUE" \
    --add-replica-regions 'Region=us-east-1' \
    --tags Key=project,Value=doc-smith Key=tutorial,Value=aws-secrets-manager-gs 2>&1)

check_error "$CREATE_SECRET_OUTPUT" "create-secret"
echo "$CREATE_SECRET_OUTPUT"

# Get AWS account ID
echo "Getting AWS account ID..."
ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query "Account" --output text 2>&1)
check_error "$ACCOUNT_ID" "get-caller-identity"
echo "Account ID: $ACCOUNT_ID"

# Get secret ARN for precise resource policy
echo "Getting secret ARN..."
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
    --query 'ARN' \
    --output text 2>&1)
check_error "$SECRET_ARN" "describe-secret"

# Add resource policy to the secret with least privilege
echo "Adding resource policy to secret..."
RESOURCE_POLICY=$(cat <<EOF
{
    "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "AllowRuntimeRoleReadSecret",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::$ACCOUNT_ID:role/$RUNTIME_ROLE_NAME"
            },
            "Action": "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
            "Resource": "$SECRET_ARN",
            "Condition": {
                "StringEquals": {
                    "secretsmanager:VersionStage": "AWSCURRENT"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
EOF
)

PUT_POLICY_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager put-resource-policy \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
    --resource-policy "$RESOURCE_POLICY" \
    --block-public-policy 2>&1)

check_error "$PUT_POLICY_OUTPUT" "put-resource-policy"
echo "Resource policy added successfully"

# Enable rotation policy recommendation
echo "Enabling secret metadata tags for rotation tracking..."
aws secretsmanager tag-resource \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
    --tags Key=Purpose,Value=Tutorial Key=AutoRotation,Value=Recommended 2>/dev/null || true

# Step 3: Demonstrate retrieving the secret
echo "Retrieving the secret value (for demonstration purposes)..."
GET_SECRET_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" 2>&1)

check_error "$GET_SECRET_OUTPUT" "get-secret-value"
echo "Secret retrieved successfully. Secret metadata:"
echo "$GET_SECRET_OUTPUT" | jq '{ARN: .ARN, Name: .Name, LastUpdatedDate: .LastUpdatedDate, VersionIdsToStages: .VersionIdsToStages}' 2>/dev/null || echo "Secret metadata retrieved (jq not available)"

# Step 4: Update the secret with new values
echo "Updating the secret with new values..."
UPDATE_SECRET_VALUE=$(python3 -c "import json; print(json.dumps({'ClientID':'my_new_client_id','ClientSecret':__import__('secrets').token_urlsafe(32)}))")

UPDATE_SECRET_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager update-secret \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
    --secret-string "$UPDATE_SECRET_VALUE" 2>&1)

check_error "$UPDATE_SECRET_OUTPUT" "update-secret"
echo "Secret updated successfully"

# Step 5: Verify the updated secret
echo "Verifying the updated secret..."
VERIFY_SECRET_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value \
    --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" 2>&1)

check_error "$VERIFY_SECRET_OUTPUT" "get-secret-value for verification"
echo "Updated secret retrieved successfully. Secret metadata:"
echo "$VERIFY_SECRET_OUTPUT" | jq '{ARN: .ARN, Name: .Name, LastUpdatedDate: .LastUpdatedDate, VersionIdsToStages: .VersionIdsToStages}' 2>/dev/null || echo "Secret metadata retrieved (jq not available)"

# Step 6: Display rotation recommendations
echo ""
echo "Rotation Configuration Recommendations:"
echo "========================================"
DESCRIBE_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" 2>&1)
if echo "$DESCRIBE_OUTPUT" | grep -q "RotationRules"; then
    echo "Current rotation configuration:"
    echo "$DESCRIBE_OUTPUT" | jq '.RotationRules' 2>/dev/null || echo "Rotation rules available"
else
    echo "No automatic rotation configured. Consider enabling rotation with:"
    echo "aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id $SECRET_NAME --rotation-lambda-arn arn:aws:lambda:REGION:ACCOUNT:function:FUNCTION_NAME --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30"
fi

echo ""
echo "======================================================"
echo "Tutorial completed successfully!"
echo ""
echo "Summary of what we did:"
echo "1. Created IAM roles for managing and retrieving secrets"
echo "2. Created a secret in AWS Secrets Manager with secure generation"
echo "3. Added a least-privilege resource policy to control access to the secret"
echo "4. Retrieved the secret value (simulating application access)"
echo "5. Updated the secret with cryptographically secure values"
echo "6. Verified the updated secret"
echo ""
echo "Security best practices applied:"
echo "- Used cryptographically secure random ID generation"
echo "- Applied least-privilege resource policies with version stages"
echo "- Tagged resources for rotation tracking"
echo "- Blocked public access to secrets"
echo "- Used ARN-specific permissions instead of wildcards"
echo ""
echo "Next steps you might want to consider:"
echo "- Enable automatic secret rotation with AWS Lambda"
echo "- Implement secret caching in your application"
echo "- Set up CloudTrail logging for secret access auditing"
echo "- Use AWS CodeGuru Reviewer to find hardcoded secrets in your code"
echo "- For multi-region applications, replicate your secrets across regions"
echo "- Configure VPC endpoints for private access to Secrets Manager"
echo ""

echo "Script completed at $(date)"
exit 0
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *Amazon CLI Command Reference*.
  + [AttachRolePolicy](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/AttachRolePolicy)
  + [CreateRole](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateRole)
  + [CreateSecret](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/CreateSecret)
  + [DeleteRole](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRole)
  + [DeleteSecret](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/DeleteSecret)
  + [DetachRolePolicy](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DetachRolePolicy)
  + [GetCallerIdentity](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/sts-2011-06-15/GetCallerIdentity)
  + [GetSecretValue](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/GetSecretValue)
  + [PutResourcePolicy](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/PutResourcePolicy)
  + [UpdateSecret](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/UpdateSecret)

------

For a complete list of Amazon SDK developer guides and code examples, see [Using this service with an Amazon SDK](sdk-general-information-section.md). This topic also includes information about getting started and details about previous SDK versions.