What is GraphQL? - Amazon AppSync GraphQL
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What is GraphQL?

GraphQL is both a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries. GraphQL allows clients to request exactly the data they need, providing a more flexible and efficient alternative to REST in many scenarios. Unlike REST, which relies on predefined endpoints, GraphQL uses a single endpoint where clients can specify their data requirements in the form of queries and mutations.

See Components of a GraphQL API for more information on how GraphQL APIs are structured.