DESCRIBE
Shows one or more columns, including partition columns, for the specified table. This command is useful for examining the attributes of complex columns.
Synopsis
DESCRIBE [EXTENDED | FORMATTED] [db_name.]table_name [PARTITION partition_spec] [col_name ( [.field_name] | [.'$elem$'] | [.'$key$'] | [.'$value$'] )]Important
The syntax for this statement is DESCRIBE
, not table_nameDESCRIBE TABLE
. Using the latter syntax
results in the error message table_nameFAILED: SemanticException [Error 10001]:
Table not found table.
Parameters
- [EXTENDED | FORMATTED]
-
Determines the format of the output. Omitting these parameters shows column names and their corresponding data types, including partition columns, in tabular format. Specifying
FORMATTEDnot only shows column names and data types in tabular format, but also detailed table and storage information.EXTENDEDshows column and data type information in tabular format, and detailed metadata for the table in Thrift serialized form. This format is less readable and is useful primarily for debugging. - [PARTITION partition_spec]
-
If included, lists the metadata for the partition specified by
partition_spec, wherepartition_specis in the format(partition_column = partition_col_value, partition_column = partition_col_value, ...). - [col_name ( [.field_name] | [.'$elem$'] | [.'$key$'] | [.'$value$'] )* ]
-
Specifies the column and attributes to examine. You can specify
.field_namefor an element of a struct,'$elem$'for array element,'$key$'for a map key, and'$value$'for map value. You can specify this recursively to further explore the complex column.
Examples
DESCRIBE orders
DESCRIBE FORMATTED mydatabase.mytable PARTITION (part_col = 100) columnA;
The following query and output shows column and data type information from an
impressions table based on Amazon EMR sample data.
DESCRIBE impressions
requestbegintime string from deserializer adid string from deserializer impressionid string from deserializer referrer string from deserializer useragent string from deserializer usercookie string from deserializer ip string from deserializer number string from deserializer processid string from deserializer browsercokie string from deserializer requestendtime string from deserializer timers struct<modellookup:string,requesttime:string> from deserializer threadid string from deserializer hostname string from deserializer sessionid string from deserializer dt string # Partition Information # col_name data_type comment dt string
The following example query and output show the result for the same table when the
FORMATTED option is used.
DESCRIBE FORMATTED impressions
requestbegintime string from deserializer adid string from deserializer impressionid string from deserializer referrer string from deserializer useragent string from deserializer usercookie string from deserializer ip string from deserializer number string from deserializer processid string from deserializer browsercokie string from deserializer requestendtime string from deserializer timers struct<modellookup:string,requesttime:string> from deserializer threadid string from deserializer hostname string from deserializer sessionid string from deserializer dt string # Partition Information # col_name data_type comment dt string # Detailed Table Information Database: sampledb Owner: hadoop CreateTime: Thu Apr 23 02:55:21 UTC 2020 LastAccessTime: UNKNOWN Protect Mode: None Retention: 0 Location: s3://us-east-1.elasticmapreduce/samples/hive-ads/tables/impressions Table Type: EXTERNAL_TABLE Table Parameters: EXTERNAL TRUE transient_lastDdlTime 1587610521 # Storage Information SerDe Library: org.openx.data.jsonserde.JsonSerDe InputFormat: org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat OutputFormat: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.IgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat Compressed: No Num Buckets: -1 Bucket Columns: [] Sort Columns: [] Storage Desc Params: paths requestbegintime, adid, impressionid, referrer, useragent, usercookie, ip serialization.format 1
The following example query and output show the result for the same table when the
EXTENDED option is used. The detailed table information is output
on a single line, but is formatted here for readability.
DESCRIBE EXTENDED impressions
requestbegintime string from deserializer adid string from deserializer impressionid string from deserializer referrer string from deserializer useragent string from deserializer usercookie string from deserializer ip string from deserializer number string from deserializer processid string from deserializer browsercokie string from deserializer requestendtime string from deserializer timers struct<modellookup:string,requesttime:string> from deserializer threadid string from deserializer hostname string from deserializer sessionid string from deserializer dt string # Partition Information # col_name data_type comment dt string Detailed Table Information Table(tableName:impressions, dbName:sampledb, owner:hadoop, createTime:1587610521, lastAccessTime:0, retention:0, sd:StorageDescriptor(cols:[FieldSchema(name:requestbegintime, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:adid, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:impressionid, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:referrer, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:useragent, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:usercookie, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:ip, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:number, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:processid, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:browsercokie, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:requestendtime, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:timers, type:struct<modellookup:string,requesttime:string>, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:threadid, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:hostname, type:string, comment:null), FieldSchema(name:sessionid, type:string, comment:null)], location:s3://us-east-1.elasticmapreduce/samples/hive-ads/tables/impressions, inputFormat:org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat, outputFormat:org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.IgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat, compressed:false, numBuckets:-1, serdeInfo:SerDeInfo(name:null, serializationLib:org.openx.data.jsonserde.JsonSerDe, parameters:{serialization.format=1, paths=requestbegintime, adid, impressionid, referrer, useragent, usercookie, ip}), bucketCols:[], sortCols:[], parameters:{}, skewedInfo:SkewedInfo(skewedColNames:[], skewedColValues:[], skewedColValueLocationMaps:{}), storedAsSubDirectories:false), partitionKeys:[FieldSchema(name:dt, type:string, comment:null)], parameters:{EXTERNAL=TRUE, transient_lastDdlTime=1587610521}, viewOriginalText:null, viewExpandedText:null, tableType:EXTERNAL_TABLE)