Amazon EKS cluster endpoint access control - Amazon EKS
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Amazon EKS cluster endpoint access control

This topic helps you to enable private access for your Amazon EKS cluster's Kubernetes API server endpoint and limit, or completely disable, public access from the internet.

When you create a new cluster, Amazon EKS creates an endpoint for the managed Kubernetes API server that you use to communicate with your cluster (using Kubernetes management tools such as kubectl). By default, this API server endpoint is public to the internet, and access to the API server is secured using a combination of Amazon Identity and Access Management (IAM) and native Kubernetes Role Based Access Control (RBAC).

You can enable private access to the Kubernetes API server so that all communication between your nodes and the API server stays within your VPC. You can limit the IP addresses that can access your API server from the internet, or completely disable internet access to the API server.

Note

Because this endpoint is for the Kubernetes API server and not a traditional Amazon PrivateLink endpoint for communicating with an Amazon API, it doesn't appear as an endpoint in the Amazon VPC console.

When you enable endpoint private access for your cluster, Amazon EKS creates a Route 53 private hosted zone on your behalf and associates it with your cluster's VPC. This private hosted zone is managed by Amazon EKS, and it doesn't appear in your account's Route 53 resources. In order for the private hosted zone to properly route traffic to your API server, your VPC must have enableDnsHostnames and enableDnsSupport set to true, and the DHCP options set for your VPC must include AmazonProvidedDNS in its domain name servers list. For more information, see Updating DNS support for your VPC in the Amazon VPC User Guide.

You can define your API server endpoint access requirements when you create a new cluster, and you can update the API server endpoint access for a cluster at any time.

Modifying cluster endpoint access

Use the procedures in this section to modify the endpoint access for an existing cluster. The following table shows the supported API server endpoint access combinations and their associated behavior.

API server endpoint access options
Endpoint public access Endpoint private access Behavior
Enabled Disabled
  • This is the default behavior for new Amazon EKS clusters.

  • Kubernetes API requests that originate from within your cluster's VPC (such as node to control plane communication) leave the VPC but not Amazon's network.

  • Your cluster API server is accessible from the internet. You can, optionally, limit the CIDR blocks that can access the public endpoint. If you limit access to specific CIDR blocks, then it is recommended that you also enable the private endpoint, or ensure that the CIDR blocks that you specify include the addresses that nodes and Fargate Pods (if you use them) access the public endpoint from.

Enabled Enabled
  • Kubernetes API requests within your cluster's VPC (such as node to control plane communication) use the private VPC endpoint.

  • Your cluster API server is accessible from the internet. You can, optionally, limit the CIDR blocks that can access the public endpoint.

Disabled Enabled
  • All traffic to your cluster API server must come from within your cluster's VPC or a connected network.

  • There is no public access to your API server from the internet. Any kubectl commands must come from within the VPC or a connected network. For connectivity options, see Accessing a private only API server.

  • The cluster's API server endpoint is resolved by public DNS servers to a private IP address from the VPC. In the past, the endpoint could only be resolved from within the VPC.

    If your endpoint does not resolve to a private IP address within the VPC for an existing cluster, you can:

    • Enable public access and then disable it again. You only need to do so once for a cluster and the endpoint will resolve to a private IP address from that point forward.

    • Update your cluster.

You can modify your cluster API server endpoint access using the Amazon Web Services Management Console or Amazon CLI.

Amazon Web Services Management Console
To modify your cluster API server endpoint access using the Amazon Web Services Management Console
  1. Open the Amazon EKS console at https://console.amazonaws.cn/eks/home#/clusters.

  2. Choose the name of the cluster to display your cluster information.

  3. Choose the Networking tab and choose Update.

  4. For Private access, choose whether to enable or disable private access for your cluster's Kubernetes API server endpoint. If you enable private access, Kubernetes API requests that originate from within your cluster's VPC use the private VPC endpoint. You must enable private access to disable public access.

  5. For Public access, choose whether to enable or disable public access for your cluster's Kubernetes API server endpoint. If you disable public access, your cluster's Kubernetes API server can only receive requests from within the cluster VPC.

  6. (Optional) If you've enabled Public access, you can specify which addresses from the internet can communicate to the public endpoint. Select Advanced Settings. Enter a CIDR block, such as 203.0.113.5/32. The block cannot include reserved addresses. You can enter additional blocks by selecting Add Source. There is a maximum number of CIDR blocks that you can specify. For more information, see Amazon EKS service quotas. If you specify no blocks, then the public API server endpoint receives requests from all (0.0.0.0/0) IP addresses. If you restrict access to your public endpoint using CIDR blocks, it is recommended that you also enable private endpoint access so that nodes and Fargate Pods (if you use them) can communicate with the cluster. Without the private endpoint enabled, your public access endpoint CIDR sources must include the egress sources from your VPC. For example, if you have a node in a private subnet that communicates to the internet through a NAT Gateway, you will need to add the outbound IP address of the NAT gateway as part of an allowed CIDR block on your public endpoint.

  7. Choose Update to finish.

Amazon CLI
To modify your cluster API server endpoint access using the Amazon CLI

Complete the following steps using the Amazon CLI version 1.27.160 or later. You can check your current version with aws --version. To install or upgrade the Amazon CLI, see Installing the Amazon CLI.

  1. Update your cluster API server endpoint access with the following Amazon CLI command. Substitute your cluster name and desired endpoint access values. If you set endpointPublicAccess=true, then you can (optionally) enter single CIDR block, or a comma-separated list of CIDR blocks for publicAccessCidrs. The blocks cannot include reserved addresses. If you specify CIDR blocks, then the public API server endpoint will only receive requests from the listed blocks. There is a maximum number of CIDR blocks that you can specify. For more information, see Amazon EKS service quotas. If you restrict access to your public endpoint using CIDR blocks, it is recommended that you also enable private endpoint access so that nodes and Fargate Pods (if you use them) can communicate with the cluster. Without the private endpoint enabled, your public access endpoint CIDR sources must include the egress sources from your VPC. For example, if you have a node in a private subnet that communicates to the internet through a NAT Gateway, you will need to add the outbound IP address of the NAT gateway as part of an allowed CIDR block on your public endpoint. If you specify no CIDR blocks, then the public API server endpoint receives requests from all (0.0.0.0/0) IP addresses.

    Note

    The following command enables private access and public access from a single IP address for the API server endpoint. Replace 203.0.113.5/32 with a single CIDR block, or a comma-separated list of CIDR blocks that you want to restrict network access to.

    aws eks update-cluster-config \ --region region-code \ --name my-cluster \ --resources-vpc-config endpointPublicAccess=true,publicAccessCidrs="203.0.113.5/32",endpointPrivateAccess=true

    An example output is as follows.

    { "update": { "id": "e6f0905f-a5d4-4a2a-8c49-EXAMPLE00000", "status": "InProgress", "type": "EndpointAccessUpdate", "params": [ { "type": "EndpointPublicAccess", "value": "true" }, { "type": "EndpointPrivateAccess", "value": "true" }, { "type": "publicAccessCidrs", "value": "[\203.0.113.5/32\"]" } ], "createdAt": 1576874258.137, "errors": [] } }
  2. Monitor the status of your endpoint access update with the following command, using the cluster name and update ID that was returned by the previous command. Your update is complete when the status is shown as Successful.

    aws eks describe-update \ --region region-code \ --name my-cluster \ --update-id e6f0905f-a5d4-4a2a-8c49-EXAMPLE00000

    An example output is as follows.

    { "update": { "id": "e6f0905f-a5d4-4a2a-8c49-EXAMPLE00000", "status": "Successful", "type": "EndpointAccessUpdate", "params": [ { "type": "EndpointPublicAccess", "value": "true" }, { "type": "EndpointPrivateAccess", "value": "true" }, { "type": "publicAccessCidrs", "value": "[\203.0.113.5/32\"]" } ], "createdAt": 1576874258.137, "errors": [] } }

Accessing a private only API server

If you have disabled public access for your cluster's Kubernetes API server endpoint, you can only access the API server from within your VPC or a connected network. Here are a few possible ways to access the Kubernetes API server endpoint:

Connected network

Connect your network to the VPC with an Amazon transit gateway or other connectivity option and then use a computer in the connected network. You must ensure that your Amazon EKS control plane security group contains rules to allow ingress traffic on port 443 from your connected network.

Amazon EC2 bastion host

You can launch an Amazon EC2 instance into a public subnet in your cluster's VPC and then log in via SSH into that instance to run kubectl commands. For more information, see Linux bastion hosts on Amazon. You must ensure that your Amazon EKS control plane security group contains rules to allow ingress traffic on port 443 from your bastion host. For more information, see Amazon EKS security group requirements and considerations.

When you configure kubectl for your bastion host, be sure to use Amazon credentials that are already mapped to your cluster's RBAC configuration, or add the IAM principal that your bastion will use to the RBAC configuration before you remove endpoint public access. For more information, see Grant access to Kubernetes APIs and Unauthorized or access denied (kubectl).

Amazon Cloud9 IDE

Amazon Cloud9 is a cloud-based integrated development environment (IDE) that lets you write, run, and debug your code with just a browser. You can create an Amazon Cloud9 IDE in your cluster's VPC and use the IDE to communicate with your cluster. For more information, see Creating an environment in Amazon Cloud9. You must ensure that your Amazon EKS control plane security group contains rules to allow ingress traffic on port 443 from your IDE security group. For more information, see Amazon EKS security group requirements and considerations.

When you configure kubectl for your Amazon Cloud9 IDE, be sure to use Amazon credentials that are already mapped to your cluster's RBAC configuration, or add the IAM principal that your IDE will use to the RBAC configuration before you remove endpoint public access. For more information, see Grant access to Kubernetes APIs and Unauthorized or access denied (kubectl).