Install Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software with automatic resource provisioning - Amazon IoT Greengrass
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Install Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software with automatic resource provisioning

The Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software includes an installer that sets up your device as a Greengrass core device. To set up a device quickly, the installer can provision the Amazon IoT thing, Amazon IoT thing group, IAM role, and Amazon IoT role alias that the core device requires to operate. The installer can also deploy the local development tools to the core device, so you can use the device to develop and test custom software components. The installer requires Amazon credentials to provision these resources and create the deployment.

If you can't provide Amazon credentials to the device, you can provision the Amazon resources that the core device requires to operate. You can also deploy the development tools to a core device to use as a development device. This enables you to provide fewer permissions to the device when you run the installer. For more information, see Install Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software with manual resource provisioning.

Important

Before you download the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software, check that your core device meets the requirements to install and run the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software v2.0.

Set up the device environment

Follow the steps in this section to set up a Linux or Windows device to use as your Amazon IoT Greengrass core device.

Set up a Linux device

To set up a Linux device for Amazon IoT Greengrass V2
  1. Install the Java runtime, which Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software requires to run. We recommend that you use Amazon Corretto or OpenJDK long-term support versions. Version 8 or higher is required. The following commands show you how to install OpenJDK on your device.

    • For Debian-based or Ubuntu-based distributions:

      sudo apt install default-jdk
    • For Red Hat-based distributions:

      sudo yum install java-11-openjdk-devel
    • For Amazon Linux 2:

      sudo amazon-linux-extras install java-openjdk11
    • For Amazon Linux 2023:

      sudo dnf install java-11-amazon-corretto -y

    When the installation completes, run the following command to verify that Java runs on your Linux device.

    java -version

    The command prints the version of Java that runs on the device. For example, on a Debian-based distribution, the output might look similar to the following sample.

    openjdk version "11.0.9.1" 2020-11-04
    OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.9.1+1-post-Debian-1deb10u2)
    OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.9.1+1-post-Debian-1deb10u2, mixed mode)
  2. (Optional) Create the default system user and group that runs components on the device. You can also choose to let the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software installer create this user and group during installation with the --component-default-user installer argument. For more information, see Installer arguments.

    sudo useradd --system --create-home ggc_user sudo groupadd --system ggc_group
  3. Verify that the user that runs the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software (typically root), has permission to run sudo with any user and any group.

    1. Run the following command to open the /etc/sudoers file.

      sudo visudo
    2. Verify that the permission for the user looks like the following example.

      root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
  4. (Optional) To run containerized Lambda functions, you must enable cgroups v1, and you must enable and mount the memory and devices cgroups. If you don't plan to run containerized Lambda functions, you can skip this step.

    To enable these cgroups options, boot the device with the following Linux kernel parameters.

    cgroup_enable=memory cgroup_memory=1 systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0

    For information about viewing and setting kernel parameters for your device, see the documentation for your operating system and boot loader. Follow the instructions to permanently set the kernel parameters.

  5. Install all other required dependencies on your device as indicated by the list of requirements in Device requirements.

Set up a Windows device

Note

This feature is available for v2.5.0 and later of the Greengrass nucleus component.

To set up a Windows device for Amazon IoT Greengrass V2
  1. Install the Java runtime, which Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software requires to run. We recommend that you use Amazon Corretto or OpenJDK long-term support versions. Version 8 or higher is required.

  2. Check whether Java is available on the PATH system variable, and add it if not. The LocalSystem account runs the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software, so you must add Java to the PATH system variable instead of the PATH user variable for your user. Do the following:

    1. Press the Windows key to open the start menu.

    2. Type environment variables to search for the system options from the start menu.

    3. In the start menu search results, choose Edit the system environment variables to open the System properties window.

    4. Choose Environment variables... to open the Environment Variables window.

    5. Under System variables, select Path, and then choose Edit. In the Edit environment variable window, you can view each path on a separate line.

    6. Check if the path to the Java installation's bin folder is present. The path might look similar to the following example.

      C:\\Program Files\\Amazon Corretto\\jdk11.0.13_8\\bin
    7. If the Java installation's bin folder is missing from Path, choose New to add it, and then choose OK.

  3. Open the Windows Command Prompt (cmd.exe) as an administrator.

  4. Create the default user in the LocalSystem account on the Windows device. Replace password with a secure password.

    net user /add ggc_user password
    Tip

    Depending on your Windows configuration, the user's password might be set to expire at a date in the future. To ensure your Greengrass applications continue to operate, track when the password expires, and update it before it expires. You can also set the user's password to never expire.

    • To check when a user and its password expire, run the following command.

      net user ggc_user | findstr /C:expires
    • To set a user's password to never expire, run the following command.

      wmic UserAccount where "Name='ggc_user'" set PasswordExpires=False
    • If you’re using Windows 10 or later where the wmic command is deprecated, run the following PowerShell command.

      Get-CimInstance -Query "SELECT * from Win32_UserAccount WHERE name = 'ggc_user'" | Set-CimInstance -Property @{PasswordExpires="False"}
  5. Download and install the PsExec utility from Microsoft on the device.

  6. Use the PsExec utility to store the user name and password for the default user in the Credential Manager instance for the LocalSystem account. Replace password with the user's password that you set earlier.

    psexec -s cmd /c cmdkey /generic:ggc_user /user:ggc_user /pass:password

    If the PsExec License Agreement opens, choose Accept to agree to the license and run the command.

    Note

    On Windows devices, the LocalSystem account runs the Greengrass nucleus, and you must use the PsExec utility to store the default user information in the LocalSystem account. Using the Credential Manager application stores this information in the Windows account of the currently logged on user, instead of the LocalSystem account.

Provide Amazon credentials to the device

Provide your Amazon credentials to your device so that the installer can provision the required Amazon resources. For more information about the required permissions, see Minimal IAM policy for installer to provision resources.

To provide Amazon credentials to the device
  • Provide your Amazon credentials to the device so that the installer can provision the Amazon IoT and IAM resources for your core device. To increase security, we recommend that you get temporary credentials for an IAM role that allows only the minimum permissions necessary to provision. For more information, see Minimal IAM policy for installer to provision resources.

    Note

    The installer doesn't save or store your credentials.

    On your device, do one of the following to retrieve credentials and make them available to the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software installer:

    • (Recommended) Use temporay credentials from Amazon IAM Identity Center

      1. Provide the access key ID, secret access key, and session token from the IAM Identity Center. For more information, see Manual credential refresh in Getting and refreshing temporary credentials in the IAM Identity Center user guide.

      2. Run the following commands to provide the credentials to the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

        Linux or Unix
        export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE=
        Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
        set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY set AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE=
        PowerShell
        $env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE" $env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY" $env:AWS_SESSION_TOKEN="AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE="
    • Use temporary security credentials from an IAM role:

      1. Provide the access key ID, secret access key, and session token from an IAM role that you assume. For more information about how to retrieve these credentials, see Requesting temporary security credentials in the IAM User Guide.

      2. Run the following commands to provide the credentials to the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

        Linux or Unix
        export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE=
        Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
        set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY set AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE=
        PowerShell
        $env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE" $env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY" $env:AWS_SESSION_TOKEN="AQoDYXdzEJr1K...o5OytwEXAMPLE="
    • Use long-term credentials from an IAM user:

      1. Provide the access key ID and secret access key for your IAM user. You can create an IAM user for provisioning that you later delete. For the IAM policy to give the user, see Minimal IAM policy for installer to provision resources. For more information about how to retrieve long-term credentials, see Managing access keys for IAM users in the IAM User Guide.

      2. Run the following commands to provide the credentials to the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

        Linux or Unix
        export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
        Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
        set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
        PowerShell
        $env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE" $env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"
      3. (Optional) If you created an IAM user to provision your Greengrass device, delete the user.

      4. (Optional) If you used the access key ID and secret access key from an existing IAM user, update the keys for the user so that they are no longer valid. For more information, see Updating access keys in the Amazon Identity and Access Management user guide.

Download the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software

You can download the latest version of the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software from the following location:

Note

You can download a specific version of the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software from the following location. Replace version with the version to download.

https://d2s8p88vqu9w66.cloudfront.net/releases/greengrass-version.zip
To download the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software
  1. On your core device, download the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software to a file named greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip.

    Linux or Unix
    curl -s https://d2s8p88vqu9w66.cloudfront.net/releases/greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip > greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
    Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
    curl -s https://d2s8p88vqu9w66.cloudfront.net/releases/greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip > greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
    PowerShell
    iwr -Uri https://d2s8p88vqu9w66.cloudfront.net/releases/greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip -OutFile greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip

    By downloading this software, you agree to the Greengrass Core Software License Agreement.

  2. (Optional) To verify the Greengrass nucleus software signature

    Note

    This feature is available with Greengrass nucleus version 2.9.5 and later.

    1. Use the following command to verify your Greengrass nucleus artifact's signature:

      Linux or Unix
      jarsigner -verify -certs -verbose greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
      Windows Command Prompt (CMD)

      The file name might look different depending on the JDK version you install. Replace jdk17.0.6_10 with the JDK version you installed.

      "C:\\Program Files\\Amazon Corretto\\jdk17.0.6_10\\bin\\jarsigner.exe" -verify -certs -verbose greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
      PowerShell

      The file name might look different depending on the JDK version you install. Replace jdk17.0.6_10 with the JDK version you installed.

      'C:\\Program Files\\Amazon Corretto\\jdk17.0.6_10\\bin\\jarsigner.exe' -verify -certs -verbose greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
    2. The jarsigner invocation yields output that indicates the results of the verification.

      1. If the Greengrass nucleus zip file is signed, the output contains the following statement:

        jar verified.
      2. If the Greengrass nucleus zip file isn't signed, the output contains the following statement:

        jar is unsigned.
    3. If you provided the Jarsigner -certs option along with -verify and -verbose options, the output also includes detailed signer certificate information.

  3. Unzip the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software to a folder on your device. Replace GreengrassInstaller with the folder that you want to use.

    Linux or Unix
    unzip greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip -d GreengrassInstaller && rm greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
    Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
    mkdir GreengrassInstaller && tar -xf greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip -C GreengrassInstaller && del greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
    PowerShell
    Expand-Archive -Path greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip -DestinationPath .\\GreengrassInstaller rm greengrass-nucleus-latest.zip
  4. (Optional) Run the following command to see the version of the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

    java -jar ./GreengrassInstaller/lib/Greengrass.jar --version
Important

If you install a version of the Greengrass nucleus earlier than v2.4.0, don't remove this folder after you install the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software. The Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software uses the files in this folder to run.

If you downloaded the latest version of the software, you install v2.4.0 or later, and you can remove this folder after you install the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

Install the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software

Run the installer with arguments that specify to do the following:

  • Create the Amazon resources that the core device requires to operate.

  • Specify to use the ggc_user system user to run software components on the core device. On Linux devices, this command also specifies to use the ggc_group system group, and the installer creates the system user and group for you.

  • Set up the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software as a system service that runs at boot. On Linux devices, this requires the Systemd init system.

    Important

    On Windows core devices, you must set up the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software as a system service.

To set up a development device with local development tools, specify the --deploy-dev-tools true argument. The local development tools can take up to a minute to deploy after the installation completes.

For more information about the arguments that you can specify, see Installer arguments.

Note

If you are running Amazon IoT Greengrass on a device with limited memory, you can control the amount of memory that Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software uses. To control memory allocation, you can set JVM heap size options in the jvmOptions configuration parameter in your nucleus component. For more information, see Control memory allocation with JVM options.

To install the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software
  1. Run the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core installer. Replace argument values in your command as follows.

    1. /greengrass/v2 or C:\greengrass\v2: The path to the root folder to use to install the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

    2. GreengrassInstaller. The path to the folder where you unpacked the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software installer.

    3. region. The Amazon Web Services Region in which to find or create resources.

    4. MyGreengrassCore. The name of the Amazon IoT thing for your Greengrass core device. If the thing doesn't exist, the installer creates it. The installer downloads the certificates to authenticate as the Amazon IoT thing. For more information, see Device authentication and authorization for Amazon IoT Greengrass.

      Note

      The thing name can't contain colon (:) characters.

    5. MyGreengrassCoreGroup. The name of Amazon IoT thing group for your Greengrass core device. If the thing group doesn't exist, the installer creates it and adds the thing to it. If the thing group exists and has an active deployment, the core device downloads and runs the software that the deployment specifies.

      Note

      The thing group name can't contain colon (:) characters.

    6. GreengrassV2IoTThingPolicy. The name of the Amazon IoT policy that allows the Greengrass core devices to communicate with Amazon IoT and Amazon IoT Greengrass. If the Amazon IoT policy doesn't exist, the installer creates a permissive Amazon IoT policy with this name. You can restrict this policy's permissions for you use case. For more information, see Minimal Amazon IoT policy for Amazon IoT Greengrass V2 core devices.

    7. GreengrassV2TokenExchangeRole. The name of the IAM role that allows the Greengrass core device to get temporary Amazon credentials. If the role doesn't exist, the installer creates it and creates and attaches a policy named GreengrassV2TokenExchangeRoleAccess. For more information, see Authorize core devices to interact with Amazon services.

    8. GreengrassCoreTokenExchangeRoleAlias. The alias to the IAM role that allows the Greengrass core device to get temporary credentials later. If the role alias doesn't exist, the installer creates it and points it to the IAM role that you specify. For more information, see Authorize core devices to interact with Amazon services.

    Linux or Unix
    sudo -E java -Droot="/greengrass/v2" -Dlog.store=FILE \ -jar ./GreengrassInstaller/lib/Greengrass.jar \ --aws-region region \ --thing-name MyGreengrassCore \ --thing-group-name MyGreengrassCoreGroup \ --thing-policy-name GreengrassV2IoTThingPolicy \ --tes-role-name GreengrassV2TokenExchangeRole \ --tes-role-alias-name GreengrassCoreTokenExchangeRoleAlias \ --component-default-user ggc_user:ggc_group \ --provision true \ --setup-system-service true
    Windows Command Prompt (CMD)
    java -Droot="C:\greengrass\v2" "-Dlog.store=FILE" ^ -jar ./GreengrassInstaller/lib/Greengrass.jar ^ --aws-region region ^ --thing-name MyGreengrassCore ^ --thing-group-name MyGreengrassCoreGroup ^ --thing-policy-name GreengrassV2IoTThingPolicy ^ --tes-role-name GreengrassV2TokenExchangeRole ^ --tes-role-alias-name GreengrassCoreTokenExchangeRoleAlias ^ --component-default-user ggc_user ^ --provision true ^ --setup-system-service true
    PowerShell
    java -Droot="C:\greengrass\v2" "-Dlog.store=FILE" ` -jar ./GreengrassInstaller/lib/Greengrass.jar ` --aws-region region ` --thing-name MyGreengrassCore ` --thing-group-name MyGreengrassCoreGroup ` --thing-policy-name GreengrassV2IoTThingPolicy ` --tes-role-name GreengrassV2TokenExchangeRole ` --tes-role-alias-name GreengrassCoreTokenExchangeRoleAlias ` --component-default-user ggc_user ` --provision true ` --setup-system-service true
    Important

    On Windows core devices, you must specify --setup-system-service true to set up the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software as a system service.

    The installer prints the following messages if it succeeds:

    • If you specify --provision, the installer prints Successfully configured Nucleus with provisioned resource details if it configured the resources successfully.

    • If you specify --deploy-dev-tools, the installer prints Configured Nucleus to deploy aws.greengrass.Cli component if it created the deployment successfully.

    • If you specify --setup-system-service true, the installer prints Successfully set up Nucleus as a system service if it set up and ran the software as a service.

    • If you don't specify --setup-system-service true, the installer prints Launched Nucleus successfully if it succeeded and ran the software.

  2. Skip this step if you installed Greengrass nucleus v2.0.4 or later. If you downloaded the latest version of the software, you installed v2.0.4 or later.

    Run the following command to set the required file permissions for your Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software root folder. Replace /greengrass/v2 with the root folder that you specified in your installation command, and replace /greengrass with the parent folder for your root folder.

    sudo chmod 755 /greengrass/v2 && sudo chmod 755 /greengrass

If you installed the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software as a system service, the installer runs the software for you. Otherwise, you must run the software manually. For more information, see Run the Amazon IoT Greengrass Core software.

Note

By default, the IAM role that the installer creates doesn't allow access to component artifacts in S3 buckets. To deploy custom components that define artifacts in Amazon S3, you must add permissions to the role to allow your core device to retrieve component artifacts. For more information, see Allow access to S3 buckets for component artifacts.

If you don't yet have an S3 bucket for component artifacts, you can add these permissions later after you create a bucket.

For more information about how to configure and use the software and Amazon IoT Greengrass, see the following: