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STEP

STEP ( <time-unit> BY INTERVAL '<integer-literal>' <interval-literal> )
STEP ( <integer-expression> BY <integer-literal> )

STEP rounds down the input value (<time-unit> or <integer-expression>) to the nearest multiple of <integer-literal>.

The STEP function works on datetime data types or integer types. STEP is a scalar function that performs an operation similar to FLOOR. However, by using STEP you can specify an arbitrary time or integer interval for rounding down the first argument.

STEP returns null if any input argument is null.

STEP with an Integer Argument

When called with an integer argument, STEP returns the largest integer multiple of the <interval-literal> argument equal to or smaller than the <integer-expression> argument. For example, STEP(23 BY 5) returns 20, because 20 is the greatest multiple of 5 that is less than 23.

STEP ( <integer-expression > BY <integer-literal> ) is equivalent to the following.

( <integer-expression> / <integer-literal> ) * <integer-literal>

Examples

In the following examples, the return value is the largest multiple of <integer-literal> that is equal to or less than <integer-expression>.

STEP with a Date Type Argument

When called with a date, time, or timestamp argument, STEP returns the largest value equal to or smaller than the input, subject to the precision specified by <time unit>.

STEP(<datetimeExpression> BY <intervalLiteral>) is equivalent to the following.

(<datetimeExpression> - timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00')  /  <intervalLiteral> )  * <intervalLiteral> + timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00'

<intervalLiteral> can be one of the following:

Examples

In the following examples, the return value is the latest multiple of <integer-literal> of the unit specified by <intervalLiteral> that is equal to or earlier than <datetime-expression>.

STEP in a GROUP BY clause (tumbling window)

In this example, an aggregate query has a GROUP BY clause with STEP applied to ROWTIME that groups the stream into finite rows.

CREATE OR REPLACE STREAM "DESTINATION_SQL_STREAM" (
    ticker_symbol VARCHAR(4), 
    sum_price     DOUBLE);
-- CREATE OR REPLACE PUMP to insert into output
CREATE OR REPLACE PUMP "STREAM_PUMP" AS 
  INSERT INTO "DESTINATION_SQL_STREAM" 
    SELECT STREAM 
        ticker_symbol,
        SUM(price) AS sum_price
    FROM "SOURCE_SQL_STREAM_001"
     GROUP BY ticker_symbol, STEP("SOURCE_SQL_STREAM_001".ROWTIME BY INTERVAL '60' SECOND);
      

Results

The preceding example outputs a stream similar to the following.

STEP in an OVER clause (sliding window)

CREATE OR REPLACE STREAM "DESTINATION_SQL_STREAM" (
    ingest_time TIMESTAMP,
    ticker_symbol VARCHAR(4),
    ticker_symbol_count integer);

--Create pump data into output
CREATE OR REPLACE PUMP "STREAM_PUMP" AS
INSERT INTO "DESTINATION_SQL_STREAM"
-- select the ingest time used in the GROUP BY clause
SELECT STREAM STEP(source_sql_stream_001.approximate_arrival_time BY INTERVAL '10' SECOND) as ingest_time,
    ticker_symbol,
   count(*) over w1 as ticker_symbol_count
FROM source_sql_stream_001
WINDOW w1 AS (
    PARTITION BY ticker_symbol,
   -- aggregate records based upon ingest time
       STEP(source_sql_stream_001.approximate_arrival_time BY INTERVAL '10' SECOND)   
   -- use process time as a trigger, which can be different time window as the aggregate
   RANGE INTERVAL '10' SECOND PRECEDING);
    

Results

The preceding example outputs a stream similar to the following.

Notes

STEP ( <datetime expression> BY <literal expression> ) is an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics extension.

You can use STEP to aggregate results using tumbling windows. For more information on tumbling windows, see Tumbling Window Concepts.