# Using Lambda functions in Amazon SAM and Infrastructure Composer In this tutorial, you can get started using IaC with Lambda by creating an Amazon SAM template from an existing Lambda function and then building out a serverless application in Infrastructure Composer by adding other Amazon resources. As you carry out this tutorial, you’ll learn some fundamental concepts, like how Amazon resources are specified in Amazon SAM. You’ll also learn how to use Infrastructure Composer to build a serverless application you can deploy using Amazon SAM or Amazon CloudFormation. To complete this tutorial, you’ll carry out the following steps: + Create an example Lambda function + Use the Lambda console to view the Amazon SAM template for the function + Export your function’s configuration to Amazon Infrastructure Composer and design a simple serverless application based on your function’s configuration + Save an updated Amazon SAM template you can use as a basis to deploy your serverless application ## Prerequisites In this tutorial, you use Infrastructure Composer’s [local sync](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/application-composer/latest/dg/reference-features-local-sync.html) feature to save your template and code files to your local build machine. To use this feature, you need a browser that supports the File System Access API, which allows web applications to read, write, and save files in your local file system . We recommend using either Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge. For more information about the File System Access API, see [What is the File System Access API?](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/application-composer/latest/dg/reference-fsa.html#reference-fsa-api) ## Create a Lambda function In this first step, you create a Lambda function you can use to complete the rest of the tutorial. To keep things simple, you use the Lambda console to create a basic 'Hello world' function using the Python 3.11 runtime. **To create a 'Hello world' Lambda function using the console** 1. Open the [Lambda console](https://console.amazonaws.cn/lambda). 1. Choose **Create function**. 1. Leave **Author from scratch** selected, and under **Basic information**, enter **LambdaIaCDemo** for **Function name**. 1. For **Runtime**, select **Python 3.11**. 1. Choose **Create function**. ## View the Amazon SAM template for your function Before you export your function configuration to Infrastructure Composer, use the Lambda console to view your function's current configuration as an Amazon SAM template. By following the steps in this section, you'll learn about the anatomy of an Amazon SAM template and how to define resources like Lambda functions to start specifying a serverless application. **To view the Amazon SAM template for your function** 1. Open the [Functions page](https://console.amazonaws.cn/lambda/home#/functions) of the Lambda console. 1. Choose the function you just created (`LambdaIaCDemo`). 1. In the **Function overview** pane, choose **Template**. In place of the diagram representing your function’s configuration, you’ll see an Amazon SAM template for your function. The template should look like the following. ``` # This AWS SAM template has been generated from your function's # configuration. If your function has one or more triggers, note # that the AWS resources associated with these triggers aren't fully # specified in this template and include placeholder values.Open this template # in AWS Application Composer or your favorite IDE and modify # it to specify a serverless application with other AWS resources. AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09' Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31 Description: An AWS Serverless Specification template describing your function. Resources: LambdaIaCDemo: Type: AWS::Serverless::Function Properties: CodeUri: . Description: '' MemorySize: 128 Timeout: 3 Handler: lambda_function.lambda_handler Runtime: python3.11 Architectures: - x86_64 EventInvokeConfig: MaximumEventAgeInSeconds: 21600 MaximumRetryAttempts: 2 EphemeralStorage: Size: 512 RuntimeManagementConfig: UpdateRuntimeOn: Auto SnapStart: ApplyOn: None PackageType: Zip Policies: Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogGroup Resource: arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:123456789012:* - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogStream - logs:PutLogEvents Resource: - >- arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:123456789012:log-group:/aws/lambda/LambdaIaCDemo:* ``` Let’s take a moment to look at the YAML template for your function and understand some key concepts. The template starts with the declaration `Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31`. This declaration is required because behind the scenes, Amazon SAM templates are deployed through Amazon CloudFormation. Using the `Transform` statement identifies the template as an Amazon SAM template file. Following the `Transform` declaration comes the `Resources` section. This is where the Amazon resources you want to deploy with your Amazon SAM template are defined. Amazon SAM templates can contain a combination of Amazon SAM resources and Amazon CloudFormation resources. This is because during deployment, Amazon SAM templates expand to Amazon CloudFormation templates, so any valid Amazon CloudFormation syntax can be added to an Amazon SAM template. At the moment, there is just one resource defined in the `Resources` section of the template, your Lambda function `LambdaIaCDemo`. To add a Lambda function to an Amazon SAM template, you use the `AWS::Serverless::Function` resource type. The `Properties` of a Lambda function resource define the function’s runtime, function handler, and other configuration options. The path to your function’s source code that Amazon SAM should use to deploy the function is also defined here. To learn more about Lambda function resources in Amazon SAM, see [AWS::Serverless::Function](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/sam-resource-function.html) in the *Amazon SAM Developer Guide*. As well as the function properties and configurations, the template also specifies an Amazon Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy for your function. This policy gives your function permission to write logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. When you create a function in the Lambda console, Lambda automatically attaches this policy to your function. To learn more about specifying an IAM policy for a function in an Amazon SAM template, see the `policies` property on the [AWS::Serverless::Function](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/sam-resource-function.html) page of the *Amazon SAM Developer Guide*. To learn more about the structure of Amazon SAM templates, see [Amazon SAM template anatomy](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/sam-specification-template-anatomy.html). ## Use Amazon Infrastructure Composer to design a serverless application To start building out a simple serverless application using your function’s Amazon SAM template as a starting point, you export your function configuration to Infrastructure Composer and activate Infrastructure Composer’s local sync mode. Local sync automatically saves your function’s code and your Amazon SAM template to your local build machine and keeps your saved template synced as you add other Amazon resources in Infrastructure Composer. **To export your function to Infrastructure Composer** 1. In the **Function Overview** pane, choose **Export to Application Composer**. To export your function's configuration and code to Infrastructure Composer, Lambda creates an Amazon S3 bucket in your account to temporarily store this data. 1. In the dialog box, choose **Confirm and create project** to accept the default name for this bucket and export your function's configuration and code to Infrastructure Composer. 1. (Optional) To choose another name for the Amazon S3 bucket that Lambda creates, enter a new name and choose **Confirm and create project**. Amazon S3 bucket names must be globally unique and follow the [bucket naming rules](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/bucketnamingrules.html). Selecting **Confirm and create project** opens the Infrastructure Composer console. On the *canvas*, you’ll see your Lambda function. 1. From the **Menu** dropdown, choose **Activate local sync**. 1. In the dialog box that opens, choose **Select folder** and select a folder on your local build machine. 1. Choose **Activate** to activate local sync. To export your function to Infrastructure Composer, you need permission to use certain API actions. If you're unable to export your function, see [Required permissions](services-appcomposer.md#services-appcomposer-permissions) and make sure you have the permissions you need. **Note** Standard [Amazon S3 pricing](https://www.amazonaws.cn/s3/pricing) applies for the bucket Lambda creates when you export a function to Infrastructure Composer. The objects that Lambda puts into the bucket are automatically deleted after 10 days, but Lambda doesn't delete the bucket itself. To avoid additional charges being added to your Amazon Web Services account, follow the instructions in [Deleting a bucket](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/delete-bucket.html) after you have exported your function to Infrastructure Composer. For more information about the Amazon S3 bucket Lambda creates, see [Using Amazon Lambda with Amazon Infrastructure Composer](services-appcomposer.md). **To design your serverless application in Infrastructure Composer** After activating local sync, changes you make in Infrastructure Composer will be reflected in the Amazon SAM template saved on your local build machine. You can now drag and drop additional Amazon resources onto the Infrastructure Composer canvas to build out your application. In this example, you add an Amazon SQS simple queue as a trigger for your Lambda function and a DynamoDB table for the function to write data to. 1. Add an Amazon SQS trigger to your Lambda function by doing the following: 1. In the search field in the **Resources** palette, enter **SQS**. 1. Drag the **SQS Queue** resource onto your canvas and position it to the left of your Lambda function. 1. Choose **Details**, and for **Logical ID** enter **LambdaIaCQueue**. 1. Choose **Save**. 1. Connect your Amazon SQS and Lambda resources by clicking on the **Subscription** port on the SQS queue card and dragging it to the left hand port on the Lambda function card. The appearance of a line between the two resources indicates a successful connection. Infrastructure Composer also displays a message at the bottom of the canvas indicating that the two resources are successfully connected. 1. Add an Amazon DynamoDB table for your Lambda function to write data to by doing the following: 1. In the search field in the **Resources** palette, enter **DynamoDB**. 1. Drag the **DynamoDB Table** resource onto your canvas and position it to the right of your Lambda function. 1. Choose **Details**, and for **Logical ID** enter **LambdaIaCTable**. 1. Choose **Save**. 1. Connect the DynamoDB table to your Lambda function by clicking on the right hand port of the Lambda function card and dragging it to the left hand port on the DynamoDB card. Now that you’ve added these extra resources, let’s take a look at the updated Amazon SAM template Infrastructure Composer has created. **To view your updated Amazon SAM template** + On the Infrastructure Composer canvas, choose **Template** to switch from the canvas view to the template view. Your Amazon SAM template should now contain the following additional resources and properties: + An Amazon SQS queue with the identifier `LambdaIaCQueue` ``` LambdaIaCQueue: Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Properties: MessageRetentionPeriod: 345600 ``` When you add an Amazon SQS queue using Infrastructure Composer, Infrastructure Composer sets the `MessageRetentionPeriod` property. You can also set the `FifoQueue` property by selecting **Details** on the SQS Queue card and checking or unchecking **Fifo queue**. To set other properties for your queue, you can manually edit the template to add them. To learn more about the `AWS::SQS::Queue` resource and its available properties, see [Amazon::SQS::Queue](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-sqs-queue.html) in the *Amazon CloudFormation User Guide*. + An `Events` property in your Lambda function definition that specifies the Amazon SQS queue as a trigger for the function ``` Events: LambdaIaCQueue: Type: SQS Properties: Queue: !GetAtt LambdaIaCQueue.Arn BatchSize: 1 ``` The `Events` property consists of an event type and a set of properties that depend on the type. To learn about the different Amazon Web Services services you can configure to trigger a Lambda function and the properties you can set, see [EventSource](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/sam-property-function-eventsource.html) in the *Amazon SAM Developer Guide*. + A DynamoDB table with the identifier `LambdaIaCTable` ``` LambdaIaCTable: Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table Properties: AttributeDefinitions: - AttributeName: id AttributeType: S BillingMode: PAY_PER_REQUEST KeySchema: - AttributeName: id KeyType: HASH StreamSpecification: StreamViewType: NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES ``` When you add a DynamoDB table using Infrastructure Composer, you can set your table's keys by choosing **Details** on the DynamoDB table card and editing the key values. Infrastructure Composer also sets default values for a number of other properties including `BillingMode` and `StreamViewType`. To learn more about these properties and other properties you can add to your Amazon SAM template, see [Amazon::DynamoDB::Table](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-dynamodb-table.html) in the *Amazon CloudFormation User Guide*. + A new IAM policy that gives your function permission to perform CRUD operations on the DynamoDB table you added. ``` Policies: ... - DynamoDBCrudPolicy: TableName: !Ref LambdaIaCTable ``` The complete final Amazon SAM template should look like the following. ``` AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09' Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31 Description: An AWS Serverless Specification template describing your function. Resources: LambdaIaCDemo: Type: AWS::Serverless::Function Properties: CodeUri: . Description: '' MemorySize: 128 Timeout: 3 Handler: lambda_function.lambda_handler Runtime: python3.11 Architectures: - x86_64 EventInvokeConfig: MaximumEventAgeInSeconds: 21600 MaximumRetryAttempts: 2 EphemeralStorage: Size: 512 RuntimeManagementConfig: UpdateRuntimeOn: Auto SnapStart: ApplyOn: None PackageType: Zip Policies: - Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogGroup Resource: arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:594035263019:* - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogStream - logs:PutLogEvents Resource: - arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:594035263019:log-group:/aws/lambda/LambdaIaCDemo:* - DynamoDBCrudPolicy: TableName: !Ref LambdaIaCTable Events: LambdaIaCQueue: Type: SQS Properties: Queue: !GetAtt LambdaIaCQueue.Arn BatchSize: 1 Environment: Variables: LAMBDAIACTABLE_TABLE_NAME: !Ref LambdaIaCTable LAMBDAIACTABLE_TABLE_ARN: !GetAtt LambdaIaCTable.Arn LambdaIaCQueue: Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Properties: MessageRetentionPeriod: 345600 LambdaIaCTable: Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table Properties: AttributeDefinitions: - AttributeName: id AttributeType: S BillingMode: PAY_PER_REQUEST KeySchema: - AttributeName: id KeyType: HASH StreamSpecification: StreamViewType: NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES ``` ## Deploy your serverless application using Amazon SAM (optional) If you want to use Amazon SAM to deploy a serverless application using the template you just created in Infrastructure Composer, you first need to install the Amazon SAM CLI. To do this, follow the instructions in [Installing the Amazon SAM CLI](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/install-sam-cli.html). Before you deploy your application, you also need to update the function code that Infrastructure Composer saved along with your template. At the moment, the `lambda_function.py` file that Infrastructure Composer saved contains only the basic 'Hello world' code that Lambda provided when you created the function. To update your function code, copy the following code and paste it into the `lambda_function.py` file Infrastructure Composer saved to your local build machine. You specified the directory for Infrastructure Composer to save this file to when you activated Local Sync mode. This code accepts a key value pair in a message from the Amazon SQS queue you created in Infrastructure Composer. If both the key and value are strings, the code then uses them to write an item to the DynamoDB table defined in your template. ### Updated Python function code ``` import boto3 import os import json # define the DynamoDB table that Lambda will connect to tablename = os.environ['LAMBDAIACTABLE_TABLE_NAME'] # create the DynamoDB resource dynamo = boto3.client('dynamodb') def lambda_handler(event, context): # get the message out of the SQS event message = event['Records'][0]['body'] data = json.loads(message) # write event data to DDB table if check_message_format(data): key = next(iter(data)) value = data[key] dynamo.put_item( TableName=tablename, Item={ 'id': {'S': key}, 'Value': {'S': value} } ) else: raise ValueError("Input data not in the correct format") # check that the event object contains a single key value # pair that can be written to the database def check_message_format(message): if len(message) != 1: return False key, value = next(iter(message.items())) if not (isinstance(key, str) and isinstance(value, str)): return False else: return True ``` **To deploy your serverless application** To deploy your application using the Amazon SAM CLI, carry out the following steps. For your function to build and deploy correctly, Python version 3.11 must be installed on your build machine and on your `PATH`. 1. Run the following command from the directory in which Infrastructure Composer saved your `template.yaml` and `lambda_function.py` files. ``` sam build ``` This command gathers the build artifacts for your application and places them in the proper format and location to deploy them. 1. To deploy your application and create the Lambda, Amazon SQS, and DynamoDB resources specified in your Amazon SAM template, run the following command. ``` sam deploy --guided ``` Using the `--guided` flag means that Amazon SAM will show you prompts to guide you through the deployment process. For this deployment, accept the default options by pressing Enter. During the deployment process, Amazon SAM creates the following resources in your Amazon Web Services account: + An Amazon CloudFormation [stack](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/cfn-whatis-concepts.html#cfn-concepts-stacks) named `sam-app` + A Lambda function with the name format `sam-app-LambdaIaCDemo-{{99VXPpYQVv1M}}` + An Amazon SQS queue with the name format `sam-app-LambdaIaCQueue-{{xL87VeKsGiIo}}` + A DynamoDB table with the name format `sam-app-LambdaIaCTable-{{CN0S66C0VLNV}}` Amazon SAM also creates the necessary IAM roles and policies so that your Lambda function can read messages from the Amazon SQS queue and perform CRUD operations on the DynamoDB table. ## Testing your deployed application (optional) To confirm that your serverless application deployed correctly, send a message to your Amazon SQS queue containing a key value pair and check that Lambda writes an item into your DynamoDB table using these values. **To test your serverless application** 1. Open the [Queues](https://console.amazonaws.cn/sqs/v2/home#/queues) page of the Amazon SQS console and select the queue that Amazon SAM created from your template. The name has the format `sam-app-LambdaIaCQueue-{{xL87VeKsGiIo}}`. 1. Choose **Send and receive messages** and paste the following JSON into the **Message body** in the **Send message** section. ``` { "myKey": "myValue" } ``` 1. Choose **Send message**. Sending your message to the queue causes Lambda to invoke your function through the event source mapping defined in your Amazon SAM template. To confirm that Lambda has invoked your function as expected, confirm that an item has been added to your DynamoDB table. 1. Open the [Tables](https://console.amazonaws.cn/dynamodbv2#tables) page of the DynamoDB console and select your table. The name has the format `sam-app-LambdaIaCTable-{{CN0S66C0VLNV}}`. 1. Choose **Explore table items**. In the **Items returned** pane, you should see an item with the **id** `myKey` and the **Value** `myValue`.