# RDF load data formats
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To load Resource Description Framework (RDF) data, you can use one of the following standard formats as specified by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
+ N-Triples (`ntriples`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/)
+ N-Quads (`nquads`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/)
+ RDF/XML (`rdfxml`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/)
+ Turtle (`turtle`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/)

**Important**  
All files must be encoded in UTF-8 format.  
For N-Quads and N-triples data that includes Unicode characters, `\u{{xxxxx}}` escape sequences are supported. However, Neptune does not support normalization. If a value is present that requires normalization, it will not match byte-to-byte during querying. For more information about normalization, see the [Normalization](https://unicode.org/faq/normalization.html) page on [Unicode.org](https://unicode.org).

**Next Steps**  
Now that you know more about the loading formats, see [Example: Loading Data into a Neptune DB Instance](bulk-load-data.md).