# Load Data Formats
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The Amazon Neptune `Load` API supports loading data in a variety of formats.

**Property-graph load formats**

Data loaded in one of the following property-graph formats can then be queried using both Gremlin and openCypher:
+ [Gremlin load data format](bulk-load-tutorial-format-gremlin.md) (`csv`): a comma-separated values (CSV) format.
+ [openCypher data load format](bulk-load-tutorial-format-opencypher.md) (`opencypher`): a comma-separated values (CSV) format.

**RDF load formats**

To load Resource Description Framework (RDF) data that you query using SPARQL, you can use one of the following standard formats as specified by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
+ N-Triples (`ntriples`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/).
+ N-Quads (`nquads`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/](https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/).
+ RDF/XML (`rdfxml`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/).
+ Turtle (`turtle`) from the specification at [https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/](https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/).

**Load data must use UTF-8 encoding**

**Important**  
All load-data files must be encoded in UTF-8 form. If a file is not UTF-8 encoded, Neptune tries to load it as UTF-8 anyway.

For N-Quads and N-triples data that includes Unicode characters, `\uxxxxx` escape sequences are supported. However, Neptune does not support normalization. If a value is present that requires normalization, it will not match byte-to-byte during querying. For more information about normalization, see the [Normalization](https://unicode.org/faq/normalization.html) page on [Unicode.org](https://unicode.org).

If your data is not in a supported format, you must convert it before you load it.

A tool for converting GraphML to the Neptune CSV format is available in the [GraphML2CSV project](https://github.com/awslabs/amazon-neptune-tools/blob/master/graphml2csv/README.md) on [GitHub](https://github.com/).

## Compression support for load-data files
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Neptune supports compression of individual files in `gzip` or `bzip2` format.

The compressed file must have a `.gz` or `.bz2` extension, and must be a single text file encoded in UTF-8 format. You can load multiple files, but each one must be a separate `.gz`, `.bz2`, or uncompressed text file. Archive files with extensions such as `.tar`, `.tar.gz`, and `.tgz` are not supported.

The following sections describe the formats in more detail.

**Topics**
+ [Compression support for load-data files](#bulk-load-tutorial-format-compression)
+ [Gremlin load data format](bulk-load-tutorial-format-gremlin.md)
+ [Load format for openCypher data](bulk-load-tutorial-format-opencypher.md)
+ [RDF load data formats](bulk-load-tutorial-format-rdf.md)