# Turkish (tr-TR)
<a name="ph-table-turkish"></a>

The following table lists the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonemes, the Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) symbols, and the corresponding visemes for the Turkish voice supported by Amazon Polly.


**Phoneme/Viseme Table**  

<table>
<thead>
  <tr><th>IPA</th><th>X-SAMPA</th><th>Description</th><th>Example</th><th>Viseme</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
  <tr><td colspan="5">**Consonants**</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ</td><td>4</td><td>alveolar flap</td><td>du**r**um</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ̝̊</td><td>4\_0\_r</td><td>voiceless fricated alveolar flap</td><td>bi**r**</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ̝</td><td>4\_r</td><td>fricated alveolar flap</td><td>**r**af</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>b</td><td>b</td><td>voiced bilabial plosive</td><td>**r**af</td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>voiceless palatal plosive</td><td>**k**edi</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>d</td><td>d</td><td>voiced alveolar plosive</td><td>**d**e**d**e</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>d͡ʒ</td><td>dZ</td><td>voiced postalveolar affricate</td><td>**c**am</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>f</td><td>f</td><td>voiceless labiodental fricative</td><td>**f**are</td><td>f</td></tr>
  <tr><td>g</td><td>g</td><td>voiced velar plosiv</td><td>**g**alibi</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>h</td><td>h</td><td>voiceless glottal fricative</td><td>**h**asta</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>j</td><td>j</td><td>palatal approximant</td><td>**y**at</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɟ</td><td>J\\</td><td>voiced palatal plosive</td><td>**g**enç</td><td>J</td></tr>
  <tr><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>voiceless velar plosive</td><td>a**k**ıl</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>l</td><td>l</td><td>alveolar lateral approximant</td><td>**l**a**l**e</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɫ</td><td>5</td><td>velarized alveolar lateral approximant</td><td>**l**abirent</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>bilabial nasal</td><td>**m**aaş</td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>alveolar nasal</td><td>a**n**ı</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>p</td><td>p</td><td>voiceless bilabial plosive</td><td>i**p**</td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>s</td><td>s</td><td>voiceless alveolar fricative</td><td>**s**es</td><td>s</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʃ</td><td>S</td><td>voiceless postalveolar fricative</td><td>a**ş**ı</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>voiceless alveolar plosive</td><td>ü**t**ü</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>t͡ʃ</td><td>tS</td><td>voiceless postalveolar affricate</td><td>**ç**aba</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>v</td><td>v</td><td>voiced labiodental fricative</td><td>ek**v**ator, kah**v**eci, ak**v**aryum, is**v**eçli, teş**v**iki, cet**v**el</td><td>f</td></tr>
  <tr><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>voiced alveolar fricative</td><td>**v**er</td><td>s</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʒ</td><td>Z</td><td>voiced postalveolar fricative</td><td>a**z**ık</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td colspan="5">**Vowels**</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ø</td><td>2</td><td>close-mid front rounded vowel</td><td>g**ö**l</td><td>0</td></tr>
  <tr><td>œ</td><td>9</td><td>open-mid front rounded vowel</td><td>banliy**ö**</td><td>O</td></tr>
  <tr><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>open front unrounded vowel</td><td>k**a**l</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>a:</td><td>a:</td><td>long open front unrounded vowel</td><td>d**a**v**a**cı</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>æ</td><td>{</td><td>near-open front unrounded vowel</td><td>özl**e**m, güv**e**nlik, gür**e**l, som**e**rsault</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>e</td><td>e</td><td>close-mid front unrounded vowel</td><td>k**e**çi</td><td>e</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɛ</td><td>E</td><td>open-mid front unrounded vowel</td><td>ded**e**</td><td>E</td></tr>
  <tr><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>close front unrounded vowel</td><td>b**i**r</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>i:</td><td>i:</td><td>long close front unrounded vowel</td><td>**i**zah</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɪ</td><td>I</td><td>near-close near-front unrounded vowel</td><td>keç**i**</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɯ</td><td>M</td><td>close back unrounded vowel</td><td>k**ı**l</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>close-mid back rounded vowel</td><td>k**o**l</td><td>o</td></tr>
  <tr><td>o:</td><td>o:</td><td>long close-mid back rounded vowel</td><td>d**o**lar</td><td>o</td></tr>
  <tr><td>u</td><td>u</td><td>close back rounded vowel</td><td>d**u**r**u**m</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>u:</td><td>u:</td><td>long close back rounded vowel</td><td>r**u**hum</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʊ</td><td>U</td><td>near-close near-back rounded vowel</td><td>dol**u**</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>y</td><td>y</td><td>close front rounded vowel</td><td>g**ü**venlik</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʏ</td><td>Y</td><td>near-close near-front rounded vowel</td><td>aş**ı**</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td colspan="5">**Additional Symbols**</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ˈ</td><td>"</td><td>primary stress</td><td>Ala**ba**ma</td><td></td></tr>
  <tr><td>ˌ</td><td>%</td><td>secondary stress</td><td>**A**labama</td><td></td></tr>
  <tr><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>syllable boundary</td><td>A.la.ba.ma</td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>