Services or capabilities described in Amazon Web Services documentation might vary by Region. To see the differences applicable to the China Regions, see Getting Started with Amazon Web Services in China (PDF).

Migrating from Amazon Tools for PowerShell Version 3.3 to Version 4

Amazon Tools for PowerShell version 4 is a backward-compatible update to Amazon Tools for PowerShell version 3.3. It adds significant improvements while maintaining existing cmdlet behavior.

Your existing scripts should continue to work after upgrading to the new version, but we do recommend that you test them thoroughly before upgrading your production environments.

This section describes the changes and explains how they might impact your scripts.

New Fully Modularized AWS.Tools Version

The AWSPowerShell.NetCore and AWSPowerShell packages were "monolithic". This meant that all of the Amazon services were supported in the same module, making it very large, and growing larger as each new Amazon service and feature was added. The new AWS.Tools package is broken up into smaller modules that give you the flexibility to download and install only those that you require for the Amazon services that you use. The package includes a shared AWS.Tools.Common module that is required by all of the other modules, and an AWS.Tools.Installer module that simplifies installing, updating, and removing modules as needed.

This also enables auto-importing of cmdlets on first call, without having to first call Import-module. However, to interact with the associated .NET objects before calling a cmdlet, you must still call Import-Module to let PowerShell know about the relevant .NET types.

For example, the following command has a reference to Amazon.EC2.Model.Filter. This type of reference can't trigger auto-importing, so you must call Import-Module first or the command fails.

PS > $filter = [Amazon.EC2.Model.Filter]@{Name="vpc-id";Values="vpc-1234abcd"}
  InvalidOperation: Unable to find type [Amazon.EC2.Model.Filter].

PS > Import-Module AWS.Tools.EC2
PS > $filter = [Amazon.EC2.Model.Filter]@{Name="vpc-id";Values="vpc-1234abcd"}
PS > Get-EC2Instance -Filter $filter -Select Reservations.Instances.InstanceId
  i-0123456789abcdefg
  i-0123456789hijklmn

New Get-AWSService cmdlet

To help you discover the names of the modules for each Amazon service in the AWS.Tools collection of modules, you can use the Get-AWSService cmdlet.

PS > Get-AWSService
  Service : ACMPCA
  CmdletNounPrefix : PCA
  ModuleName : AWS.Tools.ACMPCA
  SDKAssemblyVersion : 3.3.101.56
  ServiceName : Certificate Manager Private Certificate Authority

  Service : AlexaForBusiness
  CmdletNounPrefix : ALXB
  ModuleName : AWS.Tools.AlexaForBusiness
  SDKAssemblyVersion : 3.3.106.26
  ServiceName : Alexa For Business
  ...

New -Select Parameter to Control the Object Returned by a Cmdlet

Most cmdlets in version 4 support a new -Select parameter. Each cmdlet calls the Amazon service APIs for you using the Amazon SDK for .NET. Then the Amazon Tools for PowerShell client converts the response into an object that you can use in your PowerShell scripts and pipe to other commands. Sometimes the final PowerShell object has more fields or properties in the original response than you need, and other times you might want the object to include fields or properties of the response that are not there by default. The -Select parameter enables you to specify what is included in the .NET object returned by the cmdlet.

For example, the Get-S3Object cmdlet invokes the Amazon S3 SDK operation ListObjects. That operation returns a ListObjectsResponse object. However, by default, the Get-S3Object cmdlet returns only the S3Objects element of the SDK response to the PowerShell user. In the following example, that object is an array with two elements.

PS > Get-S3Object -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket

ETag : "01234567890123456789012345678901111"
BucketName : amzn-s3-demo-bucket
Key : file1.txt
LastModified : 9/30/2019 1:31:40 PM
Owner : Amazon.S3.Model.Owner
Size : 568
StorageClass : STANDARD

ETag : "01234567890123456789012345678902222"
BucketName : amzn-s3-demo-bucket
Key : file2.txt
LastModified : 7/15/2019 9:36:54 AM
Owner : Amazon.S3.Model.Owner
Size : 392
StorageClass : STANDARD

In Amazon Tools for PowerShell version 4, you can specify -Select * to return the complete .NET response object returned by the SDK API call.

PS > Get-S3Object -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket -Select *
  IsTruncated    : False
  NextMarker     :
  S3Objects      : {file1.txt, file2.txt}
  Name           : amzn-s3-demo-bucket
  Prefix         :
  MaxKeys        : 1000
  CommonPrefixes : {}
  Delimiter      :

You can also specify the path to the specific nested property you want. The following example returns only the Key property of each element in the S3Objects array.

PS > Get-S3Object -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket -Select S3Objects.Key
file1.txt
file2.txt

In certain situations it can be useful to return a cmdlet parameter. You can do this with -Select ^ParameterName. This feature supplants the -PassThru parameter, which is still available but deprecated.

PS > Get-S3Object -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket -Select S3Objects.Key |
>> Write-S3ObjectTagSet -Select ^Key -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket -Tagging_TagSet @{ Key='key'; Value='value'}
  file1.txt
  file2.txt

The reference topic for each cmdlet identifies whether it supports the -Select parameter.

More Consistent Limiting of the Number of Items in the Output

Earlier versions of Amazon Tools for PowerShell enabled you to use the -MaxItems parameter to specify the maximum number of objects returned in the final output.

This behavior is removed from AWS.Tools.

This behavior is deprecated in AWSPowerShell.NetCore and AWSPowerShell, and will be removed from those versions in a future release.

If the underlying service API supports a MaxItems parameter, it's still available and functions as the API specifies. But it no longer has the added behavior of limiting the number of items returned in the output of the cmdlet.

To limit the number of items returned in the final output, pipe the output to the Select-Object cmdlet and specify the -First n parameter, where n is the maximum number of items to include in the final output.

PS > Get-S3ObjectV2 -BucketName amzn-s3-demo-bucket -Select S3Objects.Key | select -first 2
file1.txt
file2.txt

Not all Amazon services supported -MaxItems in the same way, so this removes that inconsistency and the unexpected results that sometimes occurred. Also, -MaxItems combined with the new -Select parameter could sometimes result in confusing results.

Easier to Use Stream Parameters

Parameters of type Stream or byte[] can now accept string, string[], or FileInfo values.

For example, you can use any of the following examples.

PS > Invoke-LMFunction -FunctionName MyTestFunction -PayloadStream '{
>> "some": "json"
>> }'

PS > Invoke-LMFunction -FunctionName MyTestFunction -PayloadStream (ls .\some.json)

PS > Invoke-LMFunction -FunctionName MyTestFunction -PayloadStream @('{', '"some": "json"', '}')

Amazon Tools for PowerShell converts all strings to byte[] using UTF-8 encoding.

Extending the Pipe by Property Name

To make the user experience more consistent, you can now pass pipeline input by specifying the property name for any parameter.

In the following example, we create a custom object with properties that have names that match the parameter names of the target cmdlet. When the cmdlet runs, it automatically consumes those properties as its parameters.

PS > [pscustomobject] @{ BucketName='amzn-s3-demo-bucket'; Key='file1.txt'; PartNumber=1 } | Get-S3ObjectMetadata

Static Common Parameters

To improve consistency in version 4.0 of Amazon Tools for PowerShell, all parameters are static.

In earlier versions of Amazon Tools for PowerShell, some common parameters such as AccessKey,SecretKey, ProfileName, or Region, were dynamic, while all other parameters were static. This could create problems because PowerShell binds static parameters before dynamic ones. For example, let's say you ran the following command.

PS > Get-EC2Region -Region us-west-2

Earlier versions of PowerShell bound the value us-west-2 to the -RegionName static parameter instead of the -Region dynamic parameter. Likely, this could confuse users.

AWS.Tools Declares and Enforces Manadatory Parameters

The AWS.Tools.* modules now declare and enforce mandatory cmdlet parameters. When an Amazon Service declares that a parameter of an API is required, PowerShell prompts you for the corresponding cmdlet parameter if you didn't specify it. This applies only to AWS.Tools. To ensure backward compatibility, this does not apply to AWSPowerShell.NetCore or AWSPowerShell.

All Parameters Are Nullable

You can now assign $null to value type parameters (numbers and dates). This change should not affect existing scripts. This enables you to bypass the prompt for a mandatory parameter. Mandatory parameters are enforced in AWS.Tools only.

If you run the following example using version 4, it effectively bypasses client-side validation because you provide a "value" for each mandatory parameter. However, the Amazon EC2 API service call fails because the Amazon service still requires that information.

PS > Get-EC2InstanceAttribute -InstanceId $null -Attribute $null
WARNING: You are passing $null as a value for parameter Attribute which is marked as required.
In case you believe this parameter was incorrectly marked as required, report this by opening 
an issue at https://github.com/aws/aws-tools-for-powershell/issues.
WARNING: You are passing $null as a value for parameter InstanceId which is marked as required.
In case you believe this parameter was incorrectly marked as required, report this by opening
an issue at https://github.com/aws/aws-tools-for-powershell/issues.

Get-EC2InstanceAttribute : The request must contain the parameter instanceId

Removing Previously Deprecated Features

The following features were deprecated in previous releases of Amazon Tools for PowerShell and are removed in version 4: