# Functions for pivot table calculations


You can use the following functions in pivot table calculations.

**Topics**
+ [

## Running total
](#running-total)
+ [

## Difference
](#difference)
+ [

## Percentage difference
](#percent-difference)
+ [

## Percent of total
](#percent-of-total)
+ [

## Rank
](#rank)
+ [

## Percentile
](#percentile)

You can apply functions listed to the following data:

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/running-total1.png)


![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/running-total1.png)


## Running total


The **Running total** function calculates the sum of a given cell value and the values of all cells prior to it. This sum is calculated as `Cell1=Cell1, Cell2=Cell1+Cell2, Cell3=Cell1+Cell2+Cell3`, and so on. 

Applying the **Running total** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/running-total2.png)


## Difference


The **Difference** function calculates the difference between a cell value and value of the cell prior to it. This difference is calculated as `Cell1=Cell1-null, Cell2=Cell2-Cell1, Cell3=Cell3-Cell2,` and so on. Because `Cell1-null = null`, the Cell1 value is always empty.

Applying the **Difference** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/difference.png)


## Percentage difference


The **Percentage Difference** function calculates the percent difference between a cell value and the value of the cell prior to it, divided by the value of the cell prior to it. This value is calculated as `Cell1=(Cell1-null)/null, Cell2=(Cell2-Cell1)/Cell1, Cell3=(Cell3-Cell2)/Cell2,` and so on. Because `(Cell1-null)/null = null`, the Cell1 value is always empty.

Applying the **Percentage Difference** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/percentage-difference.png)


## Percent of total


The **Percent of Total** function calculates the percentage the given cell represents of the sum of all of the cells included in the calculation. This percentage is calculated as `Cell1=Cell1/(sum of all cells), Cell2=Cell2/(sum of all cells),` and so on. 

Applying the **Percent of Total** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/percent-of-total.png)


## Rank


The **Rank** function calculates the rank of the cell value compared to the values of the other cells included in the calculation. Rank always shows the highest value equal to 1 and lowest value equal to the count of cells included in the calculation. If there are two or more cells with equal values, they receive the same rank but are considered to take up their own spots in the ranking. Thus, the next highest value is pushed down in rank by the number of cells at the rank above it, minus one. For example, if you rank the values 5,3,3,4,3,2, their ranks are 1,3,3,2,3,6. 

For example, suppose that you have the following data.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/rank.png)


Applying the **Rank** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/rank2.png)


## Percentile


The **Percentile** function calculates the percent of the values of the cells included in the calculation that are at or below the value for the given cell. 

This percent is calculated as follows. 

```
percentile rank(x) = 100 * B / N

Where:
   B = number of scores below x
   N = number of scores
```

Applying the **Percentile** function across the table rows, using **Table across** for **Calculate as**, gives you the following results.

![\[alt text not found\]](http://docs.amazonaws.cn/en_us/quick/latest/userguide/images/percentile.png)