Amazon Keyspaces examples using Amazon SDK for .NET

namespace KeyspacesActions;

public class HelloKeyspaces
{
    private static ILogger logger = null!;

    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Set up dependency injection for Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra).
        using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureLogging(logging =>
                logging.AddFilter("System", LogLevel.Debug)
                    .AddFilter<DebugLoggerProvider>("Microsoft", LogLevel.Information)
                    .AddFilter<ConsoleLoggerProvider>("Microsoft", LogLevel.Trace))
            .ConfigureServices((_, services) =>
                services.AddAWSService<IAmazonKeyspaces>()
                .AddTransient<KeyspacesWrapper>()
            )
            .Build();

        logger = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => { builder.AddConsole(); })
            .CreateLogger<HelloKeyspaces>();

        var keyspacesClient = host.Services.GetRequiredService<IAmazonKeyspaces>();
        var keyspacesWrapper = new KeyspacesWrapper(keyspacesClient);

        Console.WriteLine("Hello, Amazon Keyspaces! Let's list your keyspaces:");
        await keyspacesWrapper.ListKeyspaces();
    }
}

    /// <summary>
    /// Create a new keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name for the new keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the new keyspace.</returns>
    public async Task<string> CreateKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response =
            await _amazonKeyspaces.CreateKeyspaceAsync(
                new CreateKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create a new Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace where the table will be created.</param>
    /// <param name="schema">The schema for the new table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the new table.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the new table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> CreateTable(string keyspaceName, SchemaDefinition schema, string tableName)
    {
        var request = new CreateTableRequest
        {
            KeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            SchemaDefinition = schema,
            TableName = tableName,
            PointInTimeRecovery = new PointInTimeRecovery { Status = PointInTimeRecoveryStatus.ENABLED }
        };

        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.CreateTableAsync(request);
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Delete an existing keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName"></param>
    /// <returns>A Boolean value indicating the success of the action.</returns>
    public async Task<bool> DeleteKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.DeleteKeyspaceAsync(
            new DeleteKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Delete an Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to delete.</param>
    /// <returns>A Boolean value indicating the success of the action.</returns>
    public async Task<bool> DeleteTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.DeleteTableAsync(
            new DeleteTableRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName, TableName = tableName });
        return response.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get data about a keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name of the keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the keyspace.</returns>
    public async Task<string> GetKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.GetKeyspaceAsync(
            new GetKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get information about an Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the Amazon Keyspaces table.</param>
    /// <returns>The response containing data about the table.</returns>
    public async Task<GetTableResponse> GetTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.GetTableAsync(
            new GetTableRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName, TableName = tableName });
        return response;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Lists all keyspaces for the account.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>Async task.</returns>
    public async Task ListKeyspaces()
    {
        var paginator = _amazonKeyspaces.Paginators.ListKeyspaces(new ListKeyspacesRequest());

        Console.WriteLine("{0, -30}\t{1}", "Keyspace name", "Keyspace ARN");
        Console.WriteLine(new string('-', Console.WindowWidth));
        await foreach (var keyspace in paginator.Keyspaces)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{keyspace.KeyspaceName,-30}\t{keyspace.ResourceArn}");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Lists the Amazon Keyspaces tables in a keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name of the keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of TableSummary objects.</returns>
    public async Task<List<TableSummary>> ListTables(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.ListTablesAsync(new ListTablesRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        response.Tables.ForEach(table =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{table.KeyspaceName}\t{table.TableName}\t{table.ResourceArn}");
        });

        return response.Tables;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Restores the specified table to the specified point in time.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to restore.</param>
    /// <param name="timestamp">The time to which the table will be restored.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the restored table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> RestoreTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName, string restoredTableName, DateTime timestamp)
    {
        var request = new RestoreTableRequest
        {
            RestoreTimestamp = timestamp,
            SourceKeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            SourceTableName = tableName,
            TargetKeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            TargetTableName = restoredTableName
        };

        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.RestoreTableAsync(request);
        return response.RestoredTableARN;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Updates the movie table to add a boolean column named watched.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to change.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the updated table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> UpdateTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var newColumn = new ColumnDefinition { Name = "watched", Type = "boolean" };
        var request = new UpdateTableRequest
        {
            KeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            TableName = tableName,
            AddColumns = new List<ColumnDefinition> { newColumn }
        };
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.UpdateTableAsync(request);
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }

global using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
global using Amazon.Keyspaces;
global using Amazon.Keyspaces.Model;
global using KeyspacesActions;
global using KeyspacesScenario;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console;
global using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug;
global using Newtonsoft.Json;


namespace KeyspacesBasics;

/// <summary>
/// Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) scenario. Shows some of the basic
/// actions performed with Amazon Keyspaces.
/// </summary>
public class KeyspacesBasics
{
    private static ILogger logger = null!;

    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Set up dependency injection for the Amazon service.
        using var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureLogging(logging =>
                logging.AddFilter("System", LogLevel.Debug)
                    .AddFilter<DebugLoggerProvider>("Microsoft", LogLevel.Information)
                    .AddFilter<ConsoleLoggerProvider>("Microsoft", LogLevel.Trace))
            .ConfigureServices((_, services) =>
            services.AddAWSService<IAmazonKeyspaces>()
            .AddTransient<KeyspacesWrapper>()
            .AddTransient<CassandraWrapper>()
            )
            .Build();

        logger = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => { builder.AddConsole(); })
            .CreateLogger<KeyspacesBasics>();

        var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
            .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
            .AddJsonFile("settings.json") // Load test settings from .json file.
            .AddJsonFile("settings.local.json",
                true) // Optionally load local settings.
            .Build();

        var keyspacesWrapper = host.Services.GetRequiredService<KeyspacesWrapper>();
        var uiMethods = new UiMethods();

        var keyspaceName = configuration["KeyspaceName"];
        var tableName = configuration["TableName"];

        bool success; // Used to track the results of some operations.

        uiMethods.DisplayOverview();
        uiMethods.PressEnter();

        // Create the keyspace.
        var keyspaceArn = await keyspacesWrapper.CreateKeyspace(keyspaceName);

        // Wait for the keyspace to be available. GetKeyspace results in a
        // resource not found error until it is ready for use.
        try
        {
            var getKeyspaceArn = "";
            Console.Write($"Created {keyspaceName}. Waiting for it to become available. ");
            do
            {
                getKeyspaceArn = await keyspacesWrapper.GetKeyspace(keyspaceName);
                Console.Write(". ");
            } while (getKeyspaceArn != keyspaceArn);
        }
        catch (ResourceNotFoundException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for keyspace to be created.");
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"\nThe keyspace {keyspaceName} is ready for use.");

        uiMethods.PressEnter();

        // Create the table.
        // First define the schema.
        var allColumns = new List<ColumnDefinition>
        {
            new ColumnDefinition { Name = "title", Type = "text" },
            new ColumnDefinition { Name = "year", Type = "int" },
            new ColumnDefinition { Name = "release_date", Type = "timestamp" },
            new ColumnDefinition { Name = "plot", Type = "text" },
        };

        var partitionKeys = new List<PartitionKey>
        {
            new PartitionKey { Name = "year", },
            new PartitionKey { Name = "title" },
        };

        var tableSchema = new SchemaDefinition
        {
            AllColumns = allColumns,
            PartitionKeys = partitionKeys,
        };

        var tableArn = await keyspacesWrapper.CreateTable(keyspaceName, tableSchema, tableName);

        // Wait for the table to be active.
        try
        {
            var resp = new GetTableResponse();
            Console.Write("Waiting for the new table to be active. ");
            do
            {
                try
                {
                    resp = await keyspacesWrapper.GetTable(keyspaceName, tableName);
                    Console.Write(".");
                }
                catch (ResourceNotFoundException)
                {
                    Console.Write(".");
                }
            } while (resp.Status != TableStatus.ACTIVE);

            // Display the table's schema.
            Console.WriteLine($"\nTable {tableName} has been created in {keyspaceName}");
            Console.WriteLine("Let's take a look at the schema.");
            uiMethods.DisplayTitle("All columns");
            resp.SchemaDefinition.AllColumns.ForEach(column =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{column.Name,-40}\t{column.Type,-20}");
            });

            uiMethods.DisplayTitle("Cluster keys");
            resp.SchemaDefinition.ClusteringKeys.ForEach(clusterKey =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{clusterKey.Name,-40}\t{clusterKey.OrderBy,-20}");
            });

            uiMethods.DisplayTitle("Partition keys");
            resp.SchemaDefinition.PartitionKeys.ForEach(partitionKey =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{partitionKey.Name}");
            });

            uiMethods.PressEnter();
        }
        catch (ResourceNotFoundException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}");
        }

        // Access Apache Cassandra using the Cassandra drive for C#.
        var cassandraWrapper = host.Services.GetRequiredService<CassandraWrapper>();
        var movieFilePath = configuration["MovieFile"];

        Console.WriteLine("Let's add some movies to the table we created.");
        var inserted = await cassandraWrapper.InsertIntoMovieTable(keyspaceName, tableName, movieFilePath);

        uiMethods.PressEnter();

        Console.WriteLine("Added the following movies to the table:");
        var rows = await cassandraWrapper.GetMovies(keyspaceName, tableName);
        uiMethods.DisplayTitle("All Movies");

        foreach (var row in rows)
        {
            var title = row.GetValue<string>("title");
            var year = row.GetValue<int>("year");
            var plot = row.GetValue<string>("plot");
            var release_date = row.GetValue<DateTime>("release_date");
            Console.WriteLine($"{release_date}\t{title}\t{year}\n{plot}");
            Console.WriteLine(uiMethods.SepBar);
        }

        // Update the table schema
        uiMethods.DisplayTitle("Update table schema");
        Console.WriteLine("Now we will update the table to add a boolean field called watched.");

        // First save the current time as a UTC Date so the original
        // table can be restored later.
        var timeChanged = DateTime.UtcNow;

        // Now update the schema.
        var resourceArn = await keyspacesWrapper.UpdateTable(keyspaceName, tableName);
        uiMethods.PressEnter();

        Console.WriteLine("Now let's mark some of the movies as watched.");

        // Pick some files to mark as watched.
        var movieToWatch = rows[2].GetValue<string>("title");
        var watchedMovieYear = rows[2].GetValue<int>("year");
        var changedRows = await cassandraWrapper.MarkMovieAsWatched(keyspaceName, tableName, movieToWatch, watchedMovieYear);

        movieToWatch = rows[6].GetValue<string>("title");
        watchedMovieYear = rows[6].GetValue<int>("year");
        changedRows = await cassandraWrapper.MarkMovieAsWatched(keyspaceName, tableName, movieToWatch, watchedMovieYear);

        movieToWatch = rows[9].GetValue<string>("title");
        watchedMovieYear = rows[9].GetValue<int>("year");
        changedRows = await cassandraWrapper.MarkMovieAsWatched(keyspaceName, tableName, movieToWatch, watchedMovieYear);

        movieToWatch = rows[10].GetValue<string>("title");
        watchedMovieYear = rows[10].GetValue<int>("year");
        changedRows = await cassandraWrapper.MarkMovieAsWatched(keyspaceName, tableName, movieToWatch, watchedMovieYear);

        movieToWatch = rows[13].GetValue<string>("title");
        watchedMovieYear = rows[13].GetValue<int>("year");
        changedRows = await cassandraWrapper.MarkMovieAsWatched(keyspaceName, tableName, movieToWatch, watchedMovieYear);

        uiMethods.DisplayTitle("Watched movies");
        Console.WriteLine("These movies have been marked as watched:");
        rows = await cassandraWrapper.GetWatchedMovies(keyspaceName, tableName);
        foreach (var row in rows)
        {
            var title = row.GetValue<string>("title");
            var year = row.GetValue<int>("year");
            Console.WriteLine($"{title,-40}\t{year,8}");
        }
        uiMethods.PressEnter();

        Console.WriteLine("We can restore the table to its previous state but that can take up to 20 minutes to complete.");
        string answer;
        do
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Do you want to restore the table? (y/n)");
            answer = Console.ReadLine();
        } while (answer.ToLower() != "y" && answer.ToLower() != "n");

        if (answer == "y")
        {
            var restoredTableName = $"{tableName}_restored";
            var restoredTableArn = await keyspacesWrapper.RestoreTable(
                keyspaceName,
                tableName,
                restoredTableName,
                timeChanged);
            // Loop and call GetTable until the table is gone. Once it has been
            // deleted completely, GetTable will raise a ResourceNotFoundException.
            bool wasRestored = false;

            try
            {
                do
                {
                    var resp = await keyspacesWrapper.GetTable(keyspaceName, restoredTableName);
                    wasRestored = (resp.Status == TableStatus.ACTIVE);
                } while (!wasRestored);
            }
            catch (ResourceNotFoundException)
            {
                // If the restored table raised an error, it isn't
                // ready yet.
                Console.Write(".");
            }
        }

        uiMethods.DisplayTitle("Clean up resources.");

        // Delete the table.
        success = await keyspacesWrapper.DeleteTable(keyspaceName, tableName);

        Console.WriteLine($"Table {tableName} successfully deleted from {keyspaceName}.");
        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the table to be removed completely. ");

        // Loop and call GetTable until the table is gone. Once it has been
        // deleted completely, GetTable will raise a ResourceNotFoundException.
        bool wasDeleted = false;

        try
        {
            do
            {
                var resp = await keyspacesWrapper.GetTable(keyspaceName, tableName);
            } while (!wasDeleted);
        }
        catch (ResourceNotFoundException ex)
        {
            wasDeleted = true;
            Console.WriteLine($"{ex.Message} indicates that the table has been deleted.");
        }

        // Delete the keyspace.
        success = await keyspacesWrapper.DeleteKeyspace(keyspaceName);
        Console.WriteLine("The keyspace has been deleted and the demo is now complete.");
    }
}

namespace KeyspacesActions;

/// <summary>
/// Performs Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) actions.
/// </summary>
public class KeyspacesWrapper
{
    private readonly IAmazonKeyspaces _amazonKeyspaces;

    /// <summary>
    /// Constructor for the KeyspaceWrapper.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="amazonKeyspaces">An Amazon Keyspaces client object.</param>
    public KeyspacesWrapper(IAmazonKeyspaces amazonKeyspaces)
    {
        _amazonKeyspaces = amazonKeyspaces;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create a new keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name for the new keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the new keyspace.</returns>
    public async Task<string> CreateKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response =
            await _amazonKeyspaces.CreateKeyspaceAsync(
                new CreateKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Create a new Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace where the table will be created.</param>
    /// <param name="schema">The schema for the new table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the new table.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the new table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> CreateTable(string keyspaceName, SchemaDefinition schema, string tableName)
    {
        var request = new CreateTableRequest
        {
            KeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            SchemaDefinition = schema,
            TableName = tableName,
            PointInTimeRecovery = new PointInTimeRecovery { Status = PointInTimeRecoveryStatus.ENABLED }
        };

        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.CreateTableAsync(request);
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Delete an existing keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName"></param>
    /// <returns>A Boolean value indicating the success of the action.</returns>
    public async Task<bool> DeleteKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.DeleteKeyspaceAsync(
            new DeleteKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Delete an Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to delete.</param>
    /// <returns>A Boolean value indicating the success of the action.</returns>
    public async Task<bool> DeleteTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.DeleteTableAsync(
            new DeleteTableRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName, TableName = tableName });
        return response.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Get data about a keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name of the keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the keyspace.</returns>
    public async Task<string> GetKeyspace(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.GetKeyspaceAsync(
            new GetKeyspaceRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Get information about an Amazon Keyspaces table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the Amazon Keyspaces table.</param>
    /// <returns>The response containing data about the table.</returns>
    public async Task<GetTableResponse> GetTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.GetTableAsync(
            new GetTableRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName, TableName = tableName });
        return response;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Lists all keyspaces for the account.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>Async task.</returns>
    public async Task ListKeyspaces()
    {
        var paginator = _amazonKeyspaces.Paginators.ListKeyspaces(new ListKeyspacesRequest());

        Console.WriteLine("{0, -30}\t{1}", "Keyspace name", "Keyspace ARN");
        Console.WriteLine(new string('-', Console.WindowWidth));
        await foreach (var keyspace in paginator.Keyspaces)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{keyspace.KeyspaceName,-30}\t{keyspace.ResourceArn}");
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Lists the Amazon Keyspaces tables in a keyspace.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The name of the keyspace.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of TableSummary objects.</returns>
    public async Task<List<TableSummary>> ListTables(string keyspaceName)
    {
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.ListTablesAsync(new ListTablesRequest { KeyspaceName = keyspaceName });
        response.Tables.ForEach(table =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{table.KeyspaceName}\t{table.TableName}\t{table.ResourceArn}");
        });

        return response.Tables;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Restores the specified table to the specified point in time.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to restore.</param>
    /// <param name="timestamp">The time to which the table will be restored.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the restored table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> RestoreTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName, string restoredTableName, DateTime timestamp)
    {
        var request = new RestoreTableRequest
        {
            RestoreTimestamp = timestamp,
            SourceKeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            SourceTableName = tableName,
            TargetKeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            TargetTableName = restoredTableName
        };

        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.RestoreTableAsync(request);
        return response.RestoredTableARN;
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// Updates the movie table to add a boolean column named watched.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table to change.</param>
    /// <returns>The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the updated table.</returns>
    public async Task<string> UpdateTable(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var newColumn = new ColumnDefinition { Name = "watched", Type = "boolean" };
        var request = new UpdateTableRequest
        {
            KeyspaceName = keyspaceName,
            TableName = tableName,
            AddColumns = new List<ColumnDefinition> { newColumn }
        };
        var response = await _amazonKeyspaces.UpdateTableAsync(request);
        return response.ResourceArn;
    }

}

using System.Net;
using Cassandra;

namespace KeyspacesScenario;

/// <summary>
/// Class to perform CRUD methods on an Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) database.
///
/// NOTE: This sample uses a plain text authenticator for example purposes only.
/// Recommended best practice is to use a SigV4 authentication plugin, if available.
/// </summary>
public class CassandraWrapper
{
    private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
    private readonly string _localPathToFile;
    private const string _certLocation = "https://certs.secureserver.net/repository/sf-class2-root.crt";
    private const string _certFileName = "sf-class2-root.crt";
    private readonly X509Certificate2Collection _certCollection;
    private X509Certificate2 _amazoncert;
    private Cluster _cluster;

    // User name and password for the service.
    private string _userName = null!;
    private string _pwd = null!;

    public CassandraWrapper()
    {
        _configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
            .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
            .AddJsonFile("settings.json") // Load test settings from .json file.
            .AddJsonFile("settings.local.json",
                true) // Optionally load local settings.
            .Build();

        _localPathToFile = Path.GetTempPath();

        // Get the Starfield digital certificate and save it locally.
        var client = new WebClient();
        client.DownloadFile(_certLocation, $"{_localPathToFile}/{_certFileName}");

        //var httpClient = new HttpClient();
        //var httpResult = httpClient.Get(fileUrl);
        //using var resultStream = await httpResult.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
        //using var fileStream = File.Create(pathToSave);
        //resultStream.CopyTo(fileStream);

        _certCollection = new X509Certificate2Collection();
        _amazoncert = new X509Certificate2($"{_localPathToFile}/{_certFileName}");

        // Get the user name and password stored in the configuration file.
        _userName = _configuration["UserName"]!;
        _pwd = _configuration["Password"]!;

        // For a list of Service Endpoints for Amazon Keyspaces, see:
        // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/keyspaces/latest/devguide/programmatic.endpoints.html
        var awsEndpoint = _configuration["ServiceEndpoint"];

        _cluster = Cluster.Builder()
            .AddContactPoints(awsEndpoint)
            .WithPort(9142)
            .WithAuthProvider(new PlainTextAuthProvider(_userName, _pwd))
            .WithSSL(new SSLOptions().SetCertificateCollection(_certCollection))
            .WithQueryOptions(
                new QueryOptions()
                    .SetConsistencyLevel(ConsistencyLevel.LocalQuorum)
                    .SetSerialConsistencyLevel(ConsistencyLevel.LocalSerial))
            .Build();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Loads the contents of a JSON file into a list of movies to be
    /// added to the Apache Cassandra table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="movieFileName">The full path to the JSON file.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of movie objects.</returns>
    public List<Movie> ImportMoviesFromJson(string movieFileName, int numToImport = 0)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(movieFileName))
        {
            return null!;
        }

        using var sr = new StreamReader(movieFileName);
        string json = sr.ReadToEnd();

        var allMovies = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Movie>>(json);

        // If numToImport = 0, return all movies in the collection.
        if (numToImport == 0)
        {
            // Now return the entire list of movies.
            return allMovies;
        }
        else
        {
            // Now return the first numToImport entries.
            return allMovies.GetRange(0, numToImport);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Insert movies into the movie table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="movieTableName">The Amazon Keyspaces table.</param>
    /// <param name="movieFilePath">The path to the resource file containing
    /// movie data to insert into the table.</param>
    /// <returns>A Boolean value indicating the success of the action.</returns>
    public async Task<bool> InsertIntoMovieTable(string keyspaceName, string movieTableName, string movieFilePath, int numToImport = 20)
    {
        // Get some movie data from the movies.json file
        var movies = ImportMoviesFromJson(movieFilePath, numToImport);

        var session = _cluster.Connect(keyspaceName);

        string insertCql;

        RowSet rs;

        // Now we insert the numToImport movies into the table.
        foreach (var movie in movies)
        {
            // Escape single quote characters in the plot.
            insertCql = $"INSERT INTO {keyspaceName}.{movieTableName} (title, year, release_date, plot) values($${movie.Title}$$, {movie.Year}, '{movie.Info.Release_Date.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")}', $${movie.Info.Plot}$$)";
            rs = await session.ExecuteAsync(new SimpleStatement(insertCql));
        }

        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets all of the movies in the movies table.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of row objects containing movie data.</returns>
    public async Task<List<Row>> GetMovies(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var session = _cluster.Connect();
        RowSet rs;
        try
        {
            rs = await session.ExecuteAsync(new SimpleStatement($"SELECT * FROM {keyspaceName}.{tableName}"));

            // Extract the row data from the returned RowSet.
            var rows = rs.GetRows().ToList();
            return rows;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            return null!;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Mark a movie in the movie table as watched.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table.</param>
    /// <param name="title">The title of the movie to mark as watched.</param>
    /// <param name="year">The year the movie was released.</param>
    /// <returns>A set of rows containing the changed data.</returns>
    public async Task<List<Row>> MarkMovieAsWatched(string keyspaceName, string tableName, string title, int year)
    {
        var session = _cluster.Connect();
        string updateCql = $"UPDATE {keyspaceName}.{tableName} SET watched=true WHERE title = $${title}$$ AND year = {year};";
        var rs = await session.ExecuteAsync(new SimpleStatement(updateCql));
        var rows = rs.GetRows().ToList();
        return rows;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Retrieve the movies in the movies table where watched is true.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="keyspaceName">The keyspace containing the table.</param>
    /// <param name="tableName">The name of the table.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of row objects containing information about movies
    /// where watched is true.</returns>
    public async Task<List<Row>> GetWatchedMovies(string keyspaceName, string tableName)
    {
        var session = _cluster.Connect();
        RowSet rs;
        try
        {
            rs = await session.ExecuteAsync(new SimpleStatement($"SELECT title, year, plot FROM {keyspaceName}.{tableName} WHERE watched = true ALLOW FILTERING"));

            // Extract the row data from the returned RowSet.
            var rows = rs.GetRows().ToList();
            return rows;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            return null!;
        }
    }
}