Step 1: Set up your Amazon CloudFormation template Step 2: Use the Amazon CloudFormation template to create a Lambda State Machine Step 3: Start a State Machine execution

Creating a Lambda state machine for Step Functions using Amazon CloudFormation

This tutorial shows you how to create a basic Amazon Lambda function using Amazon CloudFormation. You'll use the Amazon CloudFormation console and a YAML template to create the stack (IAM roles, the Lambda function, and the state machine). Then, you'll use the Amazon Step Functions console to start the state machine execution.

For more information, see Working with CloudFormation Templates and the AWS::StepFunctions::StateMachine resource in the Amazon CloudFormation User Guide.

Topics

Step 1: Set up your Amazon CloudFormation template
Step 2: Use the Amazon CloudFormation template to create a Lambda State Machine
Step 3: Start a State Machine execution

Step 1: Set up your Amazon CloudFormation template

Before you use the example templates, you should understand how to declare the different parts of an Amazon CloudFormation template.

Topics

To create an IAM role for Lambda
To create a Lambda function
To create an IAM role for the state machine execution
To create a Lambda state machine

To create an IAM role for Lambda

Define the trust policy associated with the IAM role for the Lambda function. The following examples define a trust policy using either YAML or JSON.

To create a Lambda function

Define the following properties for a Lambda function that will print the message Hello World.

Important

Ensure that your Lambda function is under the same Amazon account and Amazon Region as your state machine.

To create an IAM role for the state machine execution

Define the trust policy associated with the IAM role for the state machine execution.

YAML


StatesExecutionRole:
  Type: "AWS::IAM::Role"
  Properties:
    AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
      Version: "2012-10-17"
      Statement:
        - Effect: "Allow"
          Principal:
            Service:
              - !Sub states.${AWS::Region}.amazonaws.com
          Action: "sts:AssumeRole"
    Path: "/"
    Policies:
      - PolicyName: StatesExecutionPolicy
        PolicyDocument:
          Version: "2012-10-17"
          Statement:
            - Effect: Allow
              Action:
                - "lambda:InvokeFunction"
              Resource: "*"

JSON


        "StatesExecutionRole": {
            "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
            "Properties": {
                "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
                    "Version": "2012-10-17",
                    "Statement": [
                        {
                            "Effect": "Allow",
                            "Principal": {
                                "Service": [
                                    {
                                        "Fn::Sub": "states.${AWS::Region}.amazonaws.com"
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "Path": "/",
                "Policies": [
                    {
                        "PolicyName": "StatesExecutionPolicy",
                        "PolicyDocument": {
                            "Version": "2012-10-17",
                            "Statement": [
                                {
                                    "Effect": "Allow",
                                    "Action": [
                                        "lambda:InvokeFunction"
                                    ],
                                    "Resource": "*"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        },

To create a Lambda state machine

Define the Lambda state machine.

Step 2: Use the Amazon CloudFormation template to create a Lambda State Machine

Once you understand the components of the Amazon CloudFormation template, you can put them together and use the template to create an Amazon CloudFormation stack.

To create the Lambda state machine

Copy the following example data to a file named MyStateMachine.yaml for the YAML example, or MyStateMachine.json for JSON.

YAML


AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"
Description: "An example template with an IAM role for a Lambda state machine."
Resources:
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::Role"
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: "sts:AssumeRole"

  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: "AWS::Lambda::Function"
    Properties:
      Handler: "index.handler"
      Role: !GetAtt [ LambdaExecutionRole, Arn ]
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          exports.handler = (event, context, callback) => {
              callback(null, "Hello World!");
          };
      Runtime: "nodejs12.x"
      Timeout: "25"

  StatesExecutionRole:
    Type: "AWS::IAM::Role"
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
          - Effect: "Allow"
            Principal:
              Service:
                - !Sub states.${AWS::Region}.amazonaws.com
            Action: "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/"
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: StatesExecutionPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: "2012-10-17"
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - "lambda:InvokeFunction"
                Resource: "*"

  MyStateMachine:
    Type: "AWS::StepFunctions::StateMachine"
    Properties:
      DefinitionString:
        !Sub
          - |-
            {
              "Comment": "A Hello World example using an Amazon Lambda function",
              "StartAt": "HelloWorld",
              "States": {
                "HelloWorld": {
                  "Type": "Task",
                  "Resource": "${lambdaArn}",
                  "End": true
                }
              }
            }
          - {lambdaArn: !GetAtt [ MyLambdaFunction, Arn ]}
      RoleArn: !GetAtt [ StatesExecutionRole, Arn ]

JSON


{
    "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
    "Description": "An example template with an IAM role for a Lambda state machine.",
    "Resources": {
        "LambdaExecutionRole": {
            "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
            "Properties": {
                "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
                    "Version": "2012-10-17",
                    "Statement": [
                        {
                            "Effect": "Allow",
                            "Principal": {
                                "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
                            },
                            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        "MyLambdaFunction": {
            "Type": "AWS::Lambda::Function",
            "Properties": {
                "Handler": "index.handler",
                "Role": {
                    "Fn::GetAtt": [
                        "LambdaExecutionRole",
                        "Arn"
                    ]
                },
                "Code": {
                    "ZipFile": "exports.handler = (event, context, callback) => {\n    callback(null, \"Hello World!\");\n};\n"
                },
                "Runtime": "nodejs12.x",
                "Timeout": "25"
            }
        },
        "StatesExecutionRole": {
            "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
            "Properties": {
                "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
                    "Version": "2012-10-17",
                    "Statement": [
                        {
                            "Effect": "Allow",
                            "Principal": {
                                "Service": [
                                    {
                                        "Fn::Sub": "states.${AWS::Region}.amazonaws.com"
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "Path": "/",
                "Policies": [
                    {
                        "PolicyName": "StatesExecutionPolicy",
                        "PolicyDocument": {
                            "Version": "2012-10-17",
                            "Statement": [
                                {
                                    "Effect": "Allow",
                                    "Action": [
                                        "lambda:InvokeFunction"
                                    ],
                                    "Resource": "*"
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "MyStateMachine": {
            "Type": "AWS::StepFunctions::StateMachine",
            "Properties": {
                "DefinitionString": {
                    "Fn::Sub": [
                        "{\n  \"Comment\": \"A Hello World example using an AWS Lambda function\",\n  \"StartAt\": \"HelloWorld\",\n  \"States\": {\n    \"HelloWorld\": {\n      \"Type\": \"Task\",\n      \"Resource\": \"${lambdaArn}\",\n      \"End\": true\n    }\n  }\n}",
                        {
                            "lambdaArn": {
                                "Fn::GetAtt": [
                                    "MyLambdaFunction",
                                    "Arn"
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "RoleArn": {
                    "Fn::GetAtt": [
                        "StatesExecutionRole",
                        "Arn"
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Open the Amazon CloudFormation console and choose Create Stack.
On the Select Template page, choose Upload a template to Amazon S3. Choose your MyStateMachine file, and then choose Next.
On the Specify Details page, for Stack name, enter MyStateMachine, and then choose Next.
On the Options page, choose Next.
On the Review page, choose I acknowledge that Amazon CloudFormation might create IAM resources. and then choose Create.

Amazon CloudFormation begins to create the MyStateMachine stack and displays the CREATE_IN_PROGRESS status. When the process is complete, Amazon CloudFormation displays the CREATE_COMPLETE status.
(Optional) To display the resources in your stack, select the stack and choose the Resources tab.

Step 3: Start a State Machine execution

After you create your Lambda state machine, you can start its execution.

To start the state machine execution

Open the Step Functions console and choose the name of the state machine that you created using Amazon CloudFormation.
On the MyStateMachine-ABCDEFGHIJ1K page, choose New execution.

The New execution page is displayed.
(Optional) To identify your execution, you can specify a name for it in the Name box. By default, Step Functions generates a unique execution name automatically.

Note
Step Functions allows you to create names for state machines, executions, and activities, and labels that contain non-ASCII characters. These non-ASCII names don't work with Amazon CloudWatch. To ensure that you can track CloudWatch metrics, choose a name that uses only ASCII characters.
Choose Start Execution.

A new execution of your state machine starts, and a new page showing your running execution is displayed.
(Optional) In the Execution Details, review the Execution Status and the Started and Closed timestamps.
To view the results of your execution, choose Output.

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Using Workflow Studio in Application Composer

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Creating a Lambda state machine for Step Functions using Amazon CloudFormation

Topics

Step 1: Set up your Amazon CloudFormation template

Topics

To create an IAM role for Lambda

To create a Lambda function

Important

To create an IAM role for the state machine execution

To create a Lambda state machine

Step 2: Use the Amazon CloudFormation template to create a Lambda State Machine

To create the Lambda state machine

Step 3: Start a State Machine execution

To start the state machine execution

Note