# Mapping Amazon Cognito tokens to schema Mapping tokens to schema You might find that you want to add an identity source to a policy store and map provider claims, or tokens, to your policy store schema. You can automate this process, by using the [Guided setup](policy-stores-create.md) to create your policy store with an identity source, or update your schema manually after the policy store is created. Once you have mapped the tokens to the schema you can create policies that reference them. This section of the user guide has the following information: + When you can automatically populate attributes to a policy store schema + How to use Amazon Cognito token claims in your Verified Permissions policies + How to manually build a schema for an identity source [API-linked policy stores](policy-stores-api-userpool.md) and policy stores with an identity source that were created through [Guided setup](policy-stores-create.md) don't require manual mapping of identity (ID) token attributes to schema. You can provide Verified Permissions with the attributes in your user pool and create a schema that is populated with user attributes. In ID token authorization, Verified Permissions maps claims to attributes of a principal entity. You might need to manually map Amazon Cognito tokens to your schema in the following conditions: + You created an empty policy store or policy store from a sample. + You want to extend your use of access tokens beyond role-based access control (RBAC). + You create policy stores with the Verified Permissions REST API, an Amazon SDK, or the Amazon CDK. To use Amazon Cognito as an identity source in your Verified Permissions policy store, you must have provider attributes in your schema. The schema is fixed and must correspond to the entities that provider tokens create in [IsAuthorizedWithToken](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/verifiedpermissions/latest/apireference/API_IsAuthorizedWithToken.html) or [BatchIsAuthorizedWithToken](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/verifiedpermissions/latest/apireference/API_BatchIsAuthorizedWithToken.html) API requests. If you created your policy store in a way that automatically populates your schema from provider information in an ID token, you're ready to write policies. If you create a policy store without a schema for your identity source, you must add provider attributes to the schema that match the entities created using API requests. Then you can write policies using attributes from the provider token. For more information about using Amazon Cognito ID and access tokens for authenticated users in Verified Permissions, see [Authorization with Amazon Verified Permissions](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/amazon-cognito-authorization-with-avp.html) in the *Amazon Cognito Developer Guide*. **Topics** + [ ## Mapping ID tokens to schema ](#cognito-map-id-token) + [ ## Mapping access tokens ](#cognito-map-access-token) + [ ## Alternative notation for Amazon Cognito colon-delimited claims ](#cognito-colon-claims) + [ ## Things to know about schema mapping ](#cognito-map-token-to-schema-things-to-know) ## Mapping ID tokens to schema Mapping ID tokens Verified Permissions processes ID token claims as the attributes of the user: their names and titles, their group membership, their contact information. ID tokens are most useful in an *attribute-based access control* (ABAC) authorization model. When you want Verified Permissions to analyze access to resources based on who's making the request, choose ID tokens for your identity source. Amazon Cognito ID tokens work with most [OIDC relying-party libraries](https://openid.net/developers/certified-openid-connect-implementations/). They extend the features of OIDC with additional claims. Your application can authenticate the user with Amazon Cognito user pools authentication API operations, or with the user pool hosted UI. For more information, see [Using the API and endpoints](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/user-pools-API-operations.html) in the *Amazon Cognito Developer Guide*.Useful claims in Amazon Cognito ID tokens *`cognito:username` and `preferred_username`* Variants of the user's username. *`sub`* The user's unique user identifier (UUID) *Claims with a `custom:` prefix* A prefix for custom user pool attributes like `custom:employmentStoreCode`. *Standard claims* Standard OIDC claims like `email` and `phone_number`. For more information, see [Standard claims](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#StandardClaims) in *OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 2*. *`cognito:groups`* A user's group memberships. In an authorization model based on role-based access control (RBAC), this claim presents the roles that you can evaluate in your policies. *Transient claims* Claims that aren't a property of the user, but are added at runtime by a user pool [Pre token generation Lambda trigger](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/user-pool-lambda-pre-token-generation.html). Transient claims resemble standard claims but are outside the standard, for example `tenant` or `department`. In policies that reference Amazon Cognito attributes that have a `:` separator, reference the attributes in the format `principal["cognito:username"]`. The roles claim `cognito:groups` is an exception to this rule. Verified Permissions maps the contents of this claim to parent entities of the user entity. For more information about the structure of ID tokens from Amazon Cognito user pools, see [Using the ID token](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/amazon-cognito-user-pools-using-the-id-token.html) in the *Amazon Cognito Developer Guide*. The following example ID token has each of the four types of attributes. It includes the Amazon Cognito-specific claim `cognito:username`, the custom claim `custom:employmentStoreCode`, the standard claim `email`, and the transient claim `tenant`. ``` { "sub": "91eb4550-XXX", "cognito:groups": [ "Store-Owner-Role", "Customer" ], "email_verified": true, "clearance": "confidential", "iss": "https://cognito-idp.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/us-east-2_EXAMPLE", "cognito:username": "alice", "custom:employmentStoreCode": "petstore-dallas", "origin_jti": "5b9f50a3-05da-454a-8b99-b79c2349de77", "aud": "1example23456789", "event_id": "0ed5ad5c-7182-4ecf-XXX", "token_use": "id", "auth_time": 1687885407, "department": "engineering", "exp": 1687889006, "iat": 1687885407, "tenant": "x11app-tenant-1", "jti": "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-a1b2-c3d4-TOKEN1111111", "email": "alice@example.com" } ``` When you create an identity source with your Amazon Cognito user pool, you specify the type of principal entity that Verified Permissions generates in authorization requests with `IsAuthorizedWithToken`. Your policies can then test attributes of that principal as part of evaluating that request. Your schema defines the principal type and attributes for an identity source, and then you can reference them in your Cedar policies. You also specify the type of group entity that you want to derive from the ID token groups claim. In authorization requests, Verified Permissions maps each member of the groups claim to that group entity type. In policies, you can reference that group entity as the principal. The following example shows how to reflect the attributes from the example identity token in your Verified Permissions schema. For more information about editing your schema, see [Editing policy store schemas](schema-edit.md). If your identity source configuration specifies the principal type `User`, then you can include something similar to the following example to make those attributes available to Cedar. ``` "User": { "shape": { "type": "Record", "attributes": { "cognito:username": { "type": "String", "required": false }, "custom:employmentStoreCode": { "type": "String", "required": false }, "email": { "type": "String" }, "tenant": { "type": "String", "required": true } } } } ``` For an example policy that will validate against this schema, see [Reflects Amazon Cognito ID token attributes](policies-examples.md#policies-examples-cognito-id). ## Mapping access tokens Verified Permissions processes access-token claims other than the groups claim as attributes of the action, or *context attributes*. Along with group membership, the access tokens from your IdP might contain information about API access. Access tokens are useful in authorization models that use role-based access control (RBAC). Authorization models that rely on access-token claims other than group membership require additional effort in schema configuration. Amazon Cognito access tokens have claims that can be used for authorization:Useful claims in Amazon Cognito access tokens *`client_id`* The ID of the client application of an OIDC relying party. With the client ID, Verified Permissions can verify that the authorization request comes from a permitted client for the policy store. In machine-to-machine (M2M) authorization, the requesting system authorizes a request with a client secret and provides the client ID and scopes as evidence of authorization. *`scope`* The [OAuth 2.0 scopes](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-3.3) that represent the access permissions of the bearer of the token. *`cognito:groups`* A user's group memberships. In an authorization model based on role-based access control (RBAC), this claim presents the roles that you can evaluate in your policies. *Transient claims* Claims that aren't an access permission, but are added at runtime by a user pool [Pre token generation Lambda trigger](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/user-pool-lambda-pre-token-generation.html). Transient claims resemble standard claims but are outside the standard, for example `tenant` or `department`. Customization of access tokens adds cost to your Amazon bill. For more information about the structure of access tokens from Amazon Cognito user pools, see [Using the access token](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/cognito/latest/developerguide/amazon-cognito-user-pools-using-the-access-token.html) in the *Amazon Cognito Developer Guide*. An Amazon Cognito access token is mapped to a context object when passed to Verified Permissions. Attributes of the access token can be referenced using `context.token.attribute_name`. The following example access token includes both the `client_id` and `scope` claims. ``` { "sub": "91eb4550-9091-708c-a7a6-9758ef8b6b1e", "cognito:groups": [ "Store-Owner-Role", "Customer" ], "iss": "https://cognito-idp.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/us-east-2_EXAMPLE", "client_id": "1example23456789", "origin_jti": "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-a1b2-c3d4-TOKEN1111111", "event_id": "bda909cb-3e29-4bb8-83e3-ce6808f49011", "token_use": "access", "scope": "MyAPI/mydata.write", "auth_time": 1688092966, "exp": 1688096566, "iat": 1688092966, "jti": "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-a1b2-c3d4-TOKEN2222222", "username": "alice" } ``` The following example shows how to reflect the attributes from the example access token in your Verified Permissions schema. For more information about editing your schema, see [Editing policy store schemas](schema-edit.md). ``` { "MyApplication": { "actions": { "Read": { "appliesTo": { "context": { "type": "ReusedContext" }, "resourceTypes": [ "Application" ], "principalTypes": [ "User" ] } } }, ... ... "commonTypes": { "ReusedContext": { "attributes": { "token": { "type": "Record", "attributes": { "scope": { "type": "Set", "element": { "type": "String" } }, "client_id": { "type": "String" } } } }, "type": "Record" } } } } ``` For an example policy that will validate against this schema, see [Reflects Amazon Cognito access token attributes](policies-examples.md#policies-examples-cognito-access). ## Alternative notation for Amazon Cognito colon-delimited claims At the time that Verified Permissions launched, the recommended schema for Amazon Cognito token claims like `cognito:groups` and `custom:store` converted these colon-delimited strings to use the `.` character as a hierarchy delimiter. This format is called *dot notation*. For example, a reference to `cognito:groups` became `principal.cognito.groups` in your policies. Although you can continue to use this format, we recommend that you build your schema and policies with [bracket notation](#cognito-map-token-to-schema-things-to-know). In this format, a reference to `cognito:groups` becomes `principal["cognito:groups"]` in your policies. Automatically-generated schemas for user pool ID tokens from the Verified Permissions console use bracket notation. You can continue to use dot notation in manually-built schema and policies for Amazon Cognito identity sources. You can't use dot notation with `:` or any other non-alphanumeric characters in schema or policies for any other type of OIDC IdP. A schema for dot notation nests each instance of a `:` character as a child of the `cognito` or `custom` initial phrase, as shown in the following example: ``` "CognitoUser": { "shape": { "type": "Record", "attributes": { "cognito": { "type": "Record", "required": true, "attributes": { "username": { "type": "String", "required": true } } }, "custom": { "type": "Record", "required": true, "attributes": { "employmentStoreCode": { "type": "String", "required": true } } }, "email": { "type": "String" }, "tenant": { "type": "String", "required": true } } } } ``` For an example policy that will validate against this schema and use dot notation, see [Uses dot notation to reference attributes](policies-examples.md#policies-examples-dot). ## Things to know about schema mapping **Attribute mapping differs between token types** In access token authorization, Verified Permissions maps claims to [context](context.md). In ID token authorization, Verified Permissions maps claims to principal attributes. For policy stores that you create in the Verified Permissions console, only **empty** and **sample** policy stores leave you with no identity source and require you to populate your schema with user pool attributes for ID token authorization. Access token authorization is based on role-based access control (RBAC) with group-membership claims and doesn't automatically map other claims to the policy store schema. **Identity source attributes aren't required** When you create an identity source in the Verified Permissions console, no attributes are marked as required. This prevents missing claims from causing validation errors in authorization requests. You can set attributes to required as needed, but they must be present in all authorization requests. **RBAC doesn't require attributes in schema** Schemas for identity sources depend on the entity associations that you make when you add your identity source. An identity source maps one claim to a user entity type, and one claim to a group entity type. These entity mappings are the core of an identity-source configuration. With this minimum information, you can write policies that perform authorization actions for specific users and specific groups that users might be members of, in a role-based access control (RBAC) model. The addition of token claims to the schema extends the authorization scope of your policy store. User attributes from ID tokens have information about users that can contribute to attribute-based access control (ABAC) authorization. Context attributes from access tokens have information like OAuth 2.0 scopes that can contribute additional access-control information from your provider, but require additional schema modifications. The **Set up with API Gateway and an identity provider** and **Guided setup** options in the Verified Permissions console assign ID token claims to the schema. This isn't the case for access token claims. To add non-group access-token claims to your schema, you must edit your schema in JSON mode and add [commonTypes](https://docs.cedarpolicy.com/schema/json-schema.html#schema-commonTypes) attributes. For more information, see [Mapping access tokens](#cognito-map-access-token). **Choose a token type** The way that your policy store works with your identity source depends on a key decision in identity-source configuration: whether you will process ID or access tokens. With an Amazon Cognito identity provider, you have the choice of token type when you create an API-linked policy store. When you create an [API-linked policy store](policy-stores-api-userpool.md), you must choose whether you want to set up authorization for ID or access tokens. This information affects the schema attributes that Verified Permissions applies to your policy store, and the syntax of the Lambda authorizer for your API Gateway API. Especially if you wish to benefit from the automatic mapping of ID token claims to attributes in the Verified Permissions console, decide early about the token type that you want to process before you create your identity source. Changing the token type requires significant effort to refactor your policies and schema. The following topics describe the use of ID and access tokens with policy stores. **Cedar parser requires brackets for some characters** Policies typically reference schema attributes in a format like `principal.username`. In the case of most non-alphanumeric characters like `:`, `.`, or `/` that might appear in token claim names, Verified Permissions can't parse a condition value like `principal.cognito:username` or `context.ip-address`. You must instead format these conditions with bracket notation in the format `principal["cognito:username"]` or `context["ip-address"]`, respectively. The underscore character `_` is a valid character in claim names, and the only non-alphanumeric exception to this requirement. A partial example schema for a principal attribute of this type looks like the following: ``` "User": { "shape": { "type": "Record", "attributes": { "cognito:username": { "type": "String", "required": true }, "custom:employmentStoreCode": { "type": "String", "required": true, }, "email": { "type": "String", "required": false } } } } ``` A partial example schema for a context attribute of this type looks like the following: ``` "GetOrder": { "memberOf": [], "appliesTo": { "resourceTypes": [ "Order" ], "context": { "type": "Record", "attributes": { "ip-address": { "required": false, "type": "String" } } }, "principalTypes": [ "User" ] } } ``` For an example policy that will validate against this schema, see [Uses bracket notation to reference token attributes](policies-examples.md#policies-examples-brackets).