Amazon VPC policy examples
By default, IAM users and roles don't have permission to create or modify VPC resources. They also can't perform tasks using the Amazon Web Services Management Console, Amazon CLI, or Amazon API. An IAM administrator must create IAM policies that grant users and roles permission to perform specific API operations on the specified resources they need. The administrator must then attach those policies to the IAM users or groups that require those permissions.
To learn how to create an IAM identity-based policy using these example JSON policy documents, see Creating Policies on the JSON Tab in the IAM User Guide.
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Policy best practices
Identity-based policies determine whether someone can create, access, or delete Amazon VPC resources in your account. These actions can incur costs for your Amazon Web Services account. When you create or edit identity-based policies, follow these guidelines and recommendations:
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Get started with Amazon managed policies and move toward least-privilege permissions – To get started granting permissions to your users and workloads, use the Amazon managed policies that grant permissions for many common use cases. They are available in your Amazon Web Services account. We recommend that you reduce permissions further by defining Amazon customer managed policies that are specific to your use cases. For more information, see Amazon managed policies or Amazon managed policies for job functions in the IAM User Guide.
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Apply least-privilege permissions – When you set permissions with IAM policies, grant only the permissions required to perform a task. You do this by defining the actions that can be taken on specific resources under specific conditions, also known as least-privilege permissions. For more information about using IAM to apply permissions, see Policies and permissions in IAM in the IAM User Guide.
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Use conditions in IAM policies to further restrict access – You can add a condition to your policies to limit access to actions and resources. For example, you can write a policy condition to specify that all requests must be sent using SSL. You can also use conditions to grant access to service actions if they are used through a specific Amazon Web Service, such as Amazon CloudFormation. For more information, see IAM JSON policy elements: Condition in the IAM User Guide.
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Use IAM Access Analyzer to validate your IAM policies to ensure secure and functional permissions – IAM Access Analyzer validates new and existing policies so that the policies adhere to the IAM policy language (JSON) and IAM best practices. IAM Access Analyzer provides more than 100 policy checks and actionable recommendations to help you author secure and functional policies. For more information, see IAM Access Analyzer policy validation in the IAM User Guide.
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Require multi-factor authentication (MFA) – If you have a scenario that requires IAM users or root users in your account, turn on MFA for additional security. To require MFA when API operations are called, add MFA conditions to your policies. For more information, see Configuring MFA-protected API access in the IAM User Guide.
For more information about best practices in IAM, see Security best practices in IAM in the IAM User Guide.
Use the Amazon VPC console
To access the Amazon VPC console, you must have a minimum set of permissions. These permissions must allow you to list and view details about the Amazon VPC resources in your Amazon account. If you create an identity-based policy that is more restrictive than the minimum required permissions, the console won't function as intended for entities (IAM users or roles) with that policy.
The following policy grants users permission to list resources in the VPC console, but not to create, update, or delete them.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes", "ec2:DescribeAddresses", "ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones", "ec2:DescribeClassicLinkInstances", "ec2:DescribeClientVpnEndpoints", "ec2:DescribeCustomerGateways", "ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions", "ec2:DescribeEgressOnlyInternetGateways", "ec2:DescribeFlowLogs", "ec2:DescribeInternetGateways", "ec2:DescribeManagedPrefixLists", "ec2:DescribeMovingAddresses", "ec2:DescribeNatGateways", "ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls", "ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaceAttribute", "ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfacePermissions", "ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces", "ec2:DescribePrefixLists", "ec2:DescribeRouteTables", "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupReferences", "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups", "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupRules", "ec2:DescribeStaleSecurityGroups", "ec2:DescribeSubnets", "ec2:DescribeTags", "ec2:DescribeTrafficMirrorFilters", "ec2:DescribeTrafficMirrorSessions", "ec2:DescribeTrafficMirrorTargets", "ec2:DescribeTransitGateways", "ec2:DescribeTransitGatewayVpcAttachments", "ec2:DescribeTransitGatewayRouteTables", "ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute", "ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink", "ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpointConnectionNotifications", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpointConnections", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpointServiceConfigurations", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpointServicePermissions", "ec2:DescribeVpcEndpointServices", "ec2:DescribeVpcPeeringConnections", "ec2:DescribeVpcs", "ec2:DescribeVpnConnections", "ec2:DescribeVpnGateways", "ec2:GetManagedPrefixListAssociations", "ec2:GetManagedPrefixListEntries" ], "Resource": "*" } ] }
You don't need to allow minimum console permissions for users that are making calls only to the Amazon CLI or the Amazon API. Instead, for those users, allow access only to actions that match the API operation that they need to perform.
Create a VPC with a public subnet
The following example enables users to create VPCs, subnets, route tables, and
internet gateways. Users can also attach an internet gateway to a VPC and create
routes in route tables. The ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute action enables
users to enable DNS hostnames for the VPC, so that each instance launched into a
VPC receives a DNS hostname.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:CreateVpc", "ec2:CreateSubnet", "ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones", "ec2:CreateRouteTable", "ec2:CreateRoute", "ec2:CreateInternetGateway", "ec2:AttachInternetGateway", "ec2:AssociateRouteTable", "ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute" ], "Resource": "*" } ] }
The preceding policy also enables users to create a VPC in the Amazon VPC console.
Modify and delete VPC resources
You might want to control which VPC resources users can modify or delete. For
example, the following policy allows users to work with and delete route tables
that have the tag Purpose=Test. The policy also specifies that
users can only delete internet gateways that have the tag
Purpose=Test. Users cannot work with route tables or internet
gateways that do not have this tag.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:DeleteInternetGateway", "Resource": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:*:*:internet-gateway/*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:ResourceTag/Purpose": "Test" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:DeleteRouteTable", "ec2:CreateRoute", "ec2:ReplaceRoute", "ec2:DeleteRoute" ], "Resource": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:*:*:route-table/*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:ResourceTag/Purpose": "Test" } } } ] }
Manage security groups
The following policy allows users to manage security groups. The first statement allows users to delete any security group with the
tag Stack=test and to manage the inbound and outbound rules for
any security group with the tag Stack=test. The second statement
requires users to tag any security groups that they create with the tag
Stack=Test. The third statement allows users to create tags
when creating a security group. The fourth statement allows users to view any security group and security group
rule. The fifth statement allows users to create a security group in a VPC.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress", "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress", "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress", "ec2:UpdateSecurityGroupRuleDescriptionsEgress", "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress", "ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup", "ec2:ModifySecurityGroupRules", "ec2:UpdateSecurityGroupRuleDescriptionsIngress" ], "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:security-group/*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:ResourceTag/Stack": "test" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:CreateSecurityGroup", "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:security-group/*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "aws:RequestTag/Stack": "test" }, "ForAllValues:StringEquals": { "aws:TagKeys": "Stack" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:CreateTags", "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:security-group/*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:CreateAction": "CreateSecurityGroup" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupRules", "ec2:DescribeVpcs", "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups" ], "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:CreateSecurityGroup", "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:vpc/*" } ] }
To allow users to change the security group that's associated with an instance,
add the ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute action to your policy.
To allow users to change security groups for a network interface, add the
ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute action to your policy.
Manage security group rules
The following policy grants users permission to view all security groups and
security group rules, add and remove inbound and outbound rules for the security
groups for a specific VPC, and modify rule descriptions for the specified VPC. The
first statement uses the ec2:Vpc condition key to scope permissions to
a specific VPC.
The second statement grants users permission to describe all security groups, security group rules, and tags. This enables users to view security group rules in order to modify them.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement":[{ "Effect":"Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress", "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress", "ec2:UpdateSecurityGroupRuleDescriptionsIngress", "ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress", "ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress", "ec2:UpdateSecurityGroupRuleDescriptionsEgress", "ec2:ModifySecurityGroupRules" ], "Resource": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account-id:security-group/*", "Condition": { "ArnEquals": { "ec2:Vpc": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account-id:vpc/vpc-id" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups", "ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupRules", "ec2:DescribeTags" ], "Resource": "*" } ] }
Launch instances into a specific subnet
The following policy grants users permission to launch instances into a specific subnet, and to use a specific security group in the request. The policy does this by specifying the ARN for the subnet and the ARN for the security group. If users attempt to launch an instance into a different subnet or using a different security group, the request will fail (unless another policy or statement grants users permission to do so).
The policy also grants permission to use the network interface resource. When
launching into a subnet, the RunInstances request creates a primary
network interface by default, so the user needs permission to create this resource
when launching the instance.
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region::image/ami-*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:subnet/subnet-id", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:volume/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:security-group/sg-id" ] } ] }
Launch instances into a specific VPC
The following policy grants users permission to launch instances into any subnet
within a specific VPC. The policy does this by applying a condition key
(ec2:Vpc) to the subnet resource.
The policy also grants users permission to launch instances using only AMIs that
have the tag "department=dev".
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account-id:subnet/*", "Condition": { "ArnEquals": { "ec2:Vpc": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account-id:vpc/vpc-id" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region::image/ami-*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:ResourceTag/department": "dev" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "ec2:RunInstances", "Resource": [ "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:instance/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:volume/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:network-interface/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:key-pair/*", "arn:aws-cn:ec2:region:account:security-group/*" ] } ] }
Additional Amazon VPC policy examples
You can find additional example IAM policies related to Amazon VPC in the following documentation: