**Introducing a new console experience for Amazon WAF** You can now use the updated experience to access Amazon WAF functionality anywhere in the console. For more details, see [Working with the console](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/waf/latest/developerguide/working-with-console.html). # Identity-based policy examples for Amazon Shield By default, users and roles don't have permission to create or modify Shield resources. To grant users permission to perform actions on the resources that they need, an IAM administrator can create IAM policies. To learn how to create an IAM identity-based policy by using these example JSON policy documents, see [Create IAM policies (console)](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create-console.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. For details about actions and resource types defined by Shield, including the format of the ARNs for each of the resource types, see [Actions, resources, and condition keys for Amazon Shield](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsshield.html) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. **Topics** + [Policy best practices](#shd-security_iam_service-with-iam-policy-best-practices) + [Using the Shield console](#shd-security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-console) + [Allow users to view their own permissions](#shd-security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-view-own-permissions) + [Grant read access to your Shield Advanced protections](#shd-example0) + [Grant read-only access to Shield, CloudFront, and CloudWatch](#shd-example1) + [Grant full access to Shield, CloudFront, and CloudWatch](#shd-example2) ## Policy best practices Identity-based policies determine whether someone can create, access, or delete Shield resources in your account. These actions can incur costs for your Amazon Web Services account. When you create or edit identity-based policies, follow these guidelines and recommendations: + **Get started with Amazon managed policies and move toward least-privilege permissions** – To get started granting permissions to your users and workloads, use the *Amazon managed policies* that grant permissions for many common use cases. They are available in your Amazon Web Services account. We recommend that you reduce permissions further by defining Amazon customer managed policies that are specific to your use cases. For more information, see [Amazon managed policies](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_managed-vs-inline.html#aws-managed-policies) or [Amazon managed policies for job functions](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_job-functions.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Apply least-privilege permissions** – When you set permissions with IAM policies, grant only the permissions required to perform a task. You do this by defining the actions that can be taken on specific resources under specific conditions, also known as *least-privilege permissions*. For more information about using IAM to apply permissions, see [ Policies and permissions in IAM](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Use conditions in IAM policies to further restrict access** – You can add a condition to your policies to limit access to actions and resources. For example, you can write a policy condition to specify that all requests must be sent using SSL. You can also use conditions to grant access to service actions if they are used through a specific Amazon Web Services service, such as Amazon CloudFormation. For more information, see [ IAM JSON policy elements: Condition](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Use IAM Access Analyzer to validate your IAM policies to ensure secure and functional permissions** – IAM Access Analyzer validates new and existing policies so that the policies adhere to the IAM policy language (JSON) and IAM best practices. IAM Access Analyzer provides more than 100 policy checks and actionable recommendations to help you author secure and functional policies. For more information, see [Validate policies with IAM Access Analyzer](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access-analyzer-policy-validation.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Require multi-factor authentication (MFA)** – If you have a scenario that requires IAM users or a root user in your Amazon Web Services account, turn on MFA for additional security. To require MFA when API operations are called, add MFA conditions to your policies. For more information, see [ Secure API access with MFA](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa_configure-api-require.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. For more information about best practices in IAM, see [Security best practices in IAM](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Using the Shield console To access the Amazon Shield console, you must have a minimum set of permissions. These permissions must allow you to list and view details about the Shield resources in your Amazon Web Services account. If you create an identity-based policy that is more restrictive than the minimum required permissions, the console won't function as intended for entities (users or roles) with that policy. You don't need to allow minimum console permissions for users that are making calls only to the Amazon CLI or the Amazon API. Instead, allow access to only the actions that match the API operation that they're trying to perform. Users who can access and use the Amazon console can also access the Amazon Shield console. No additional permissions are required. ### Console-only APIs You can access the following Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack information in the console. Specify the following API permissions in an IAM policy to allow or deny specific actions. | Action | Description | | --- | --- | | DescribeAttackContributors | Grants permission to get detailed information about the contributors to a specific DDoS attack. | | ListMitigations | Grants permission to retrieve a list of mitigation actions that have been applied during DDoS attacks. | | GetGlobalThreatData | Grants permission to retrieve global threat intelligence data and trends from Amazon Shield's threat monitoring systems. | This example shows how you might create a policy that allows you to see DDoS attack information in the console. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:DescribeAttackContributors" ], "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:ListMitigations" ], "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:GetGlobalThreatData" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## Allow users to view their own permissions This example shows how you might create a policy that allows IAM users to view the inline and managed policies that are attached to their user identity. This policy includes permissions to complete this action on the console or programmatically using the Amazon CLI or Amazon API. ``` { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ViewOwnUserInfo", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetUserPolicy", "iam:ListGroupsForUser", "iam:ListAttachedUserPolicies", "iam:ListUserPolicies", "iam:GetUser" ], "Resource": ["arn:aws-cn:iam::*:user/${aws:username}"] }, { "Sid": "NavigateInConsole", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetGroupPolicy", "iam:GetPolicyVersion", "iam:GetPolicy", "iam:ListAttachedGroupPolicies", "iam:ListGroupPolicies", "iam:ListPolicyVersions", "iam:ListPolicies", "iam:ListUsers" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ## Grant read access to your Shield Advanced protections Amazon Shield allows cross-account resource access, but it doesn't allow you to create cross-account resource protections. You can only create protections for resources from within the account that owns those resources. The following is an example policy that grants permissions for the `shield:ListProtections` action on all resources. Shield doesn't support identifying specific resources using the resource ARNs (also referred to as resource-level permissions) for some of the API actions, so you specify a wildcard character (\*). This only permits access to the resources that you can retrieve through the action `ListProtections`. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ListProtections", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:ListProtections" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## Grant read-only access to Shield, CloudFront, and CloudWatch The following policy grants users read-only access to Shield and associated resources, including Amazon CloudFront resources, and Amazon CloudWatch metrics. It's useful for users who need permission to view the settings in Shield protections and attacks and to monitor metrics in CloudWatch. These users can't create, update, or delete Shield resources. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ProtectedResourcesReadAccess", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "cloudfront:List*", "route53:List*", "cloudfront:Describe*", "elasticloadbalancing:Describe*", "cloudwatch:Describe*", "cloudwatch:Get*", "cloudwatch:List*", "cloudfront:GetDistribution*", "globalaccelerator:ListAccelerators", "globalaccelerator:DescribeAccelerator" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws-cn:elasticloadbalancing:*:*:*", "arn:aws-cn:cloudfront::*:*", "arn:aws-cn:route53:::hostedzone/*", "arn:aws-cn:cloudwatch:*:*:*:*", "arn:aws-cn:globalaccelerator::*:*" ] }, { "Sid": "ShieldReadOnly", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:List*", "shield:Describe*", "shield:Get*" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## Grant full access to Shield, CloudFront, and CloudWatch The following policy lets users perform any Shield operation, perform any operation on CloudFront web distributions, and monitor metrics and a sample of requests in CloudWatch. It's useful for users who are Shield administrators. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ProtectedResourcesReadAccess", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "cloudfront:List*", "route53:List*", "cloudfront:Describe*", "elasticloadbalancing:Describe*", "cloudwatch:Describe*", "cloudwatch:Get*", "cloudwatch:List*", "cloudfront:GetDistribution*", "globalaccelerator:ListAccelerators", "globalaccelerator:DescribeAccelerator" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws-cn:elasticloadbalancing:*:*:*", "arn:aws-cn:cloudfront::*:*", "arn:aws-cn:route53:::hostedzone/*", "arn:aws-cn:cloudwatch:*:*:*:*", "arn:aws-cn:globalaccelerator::*:*" ] }, { "Sid": "ShieldFullAccess", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "shield:*" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ We strongly recommend that you configure multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users who have administrative permissions. For more information, see [Using Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Devices with Amazon](https://docs.amazonaws.cn/IAM/latest/UserGuide/Using_ManagingMFA.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.