从补丁 198 开始，Amazon Redshift 将不再支持创建新的 Python UDF。现有的 Python UDF 将继续正常运行至 2026 年 6 月 30 日。有关更多信息，请参阅[博客文章](https://www.amazonaws.cn/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/)。

# SQL 命令
<a name="c_SQL_commands"></a>

SQL 语言包括各种命令，您可以使用这些命令来创建和处理数据库对象、运行查询、加载表和修改表中的数据。

Amazon Redshift 基于 PostgreSQL。Amazon Redshift 和 PostgreSQL 之间的差别非常大，您在设计和开发数据仓库应用程序时必须注意这一点。有关 Amazon Redshift SQL 与 PostgreSQL 之间的差异的更多信息，请参阅[Amazon Redshift 和 PostgreSQL](c_redshift-and-postgres-sql.md)。

**注意**  
单个 SQL 语句的最大大小为 16MB。

**Topics**
+ [ABORT](r_ABORT.md)
+ [ALTER DATABASE](r_ALTER_DATABASE.md)
+ [ALTER DATASHARE](r_ALTER_DATASHARE.md)
+ [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](r_ALTER_DEFAULT_PRIVILEGES.md)
+ [ALTER EXTERNAL SCHEMA](r_ALTER_EXTERNAL_SCHEMA.md)
+ [ALTER EXTERNAL VIEW](r_ALTER_EXTERNAL_VIEW.md)
+ [ALTER FUNCTION](r_ALTER_FUNCTION.md)
+ [ALTER GROUP](r_ALTER_GROUP.md)
+ [ALTER IDENTITY PROVIDER](r_ALTER_IDENTITY_PROVIDER.md)
+ [ALTER MASKING POLICY](r_ALTER_MASKING_POLICY.md)
+ [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](r_ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW.md)
+ [ALTER RLS POLICY](r_ALTER_RLS_POLICY.md)
+ [ALTER ROLE](r_ALTER_ROLE.md)
+ [ALTER PROCEDURE](r_ALTER_PROCEDURE.md)
+ [ALTER SCHEMA](r_ALTER_SCHEMA.md)
+ [ALTER SYSTEM](r_ALTER_SYSTEM.md)
+ [ALTER TABLE](r_ALTER_TABLE.md)
+ [ALTER TABLE APPEND](r_ALTER_TABLE_APPEND.md)
+ [ALTER TEMPLATE](r_ALTER_TEMPLATE.md)
+ [ALTER USER](r_ALTER_USER.md)
+ [ANALYZE](r_ANALYZE.md)
+ [ANALYZE COMPRESSION](r_ANALYZE_COMPRESSION.md)
+ [ATTACH MASKING POLICY](r_ATTACH_MASKING_POLICY.md)
+ [ATTACH RLS POLICY](r_ATTACH_RLS_POLICY.md)
+ [BEGIN](r_BEGIN.md)
+ [CALL](r_CALL_procedure.md)
+ [CANCEL](r_CANCEL.md)
+ [CLOSE](close.md)
+ [COMMENT](r_COMMENT.md)
+ [COMMIT](r_COMMIT.md)
+ [COPY](r_COPY.md)
+ [CREATE DATABASE](r_CREATE_DATABASE.md)
+ [CREATE DATASHARE](r_CREATE_DATASHARE.md)
+ [CREATE EXTERNAL FUNCTION](r_CREATE_EXTERNAL_FUNCTION.md)
+ [CREATE EXTERNAL MODEL](r_create_external_model.md)
+ [CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA](r_CREATE_EXTERNAL_SCHEMA.md)
+ [CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE](r_CREATE_EXTERNAL_TABLE.md)
+ [CREATE EXTERNAL VIEW](r_CREATE_EXTERNAL_VIEW.md)
+ [CREATE FUNCTION](r_CREATE_FUNCTION.md)
+ [CREATE GROUP](r_CREATE_GROUP.md)
+ [CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER](r_CREATE_IDENTITY_PROVIDER.md)
+ [CREATE LIBRARY](r_CREATE_LIBRARY.md)
+ [CREATE MASKING POLICY](r_CREATE_MASKING_POLICY.md)
+ [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](materialized-view-create-sql-command.md)
+ [CREATE MODEL](r_CREATE_MODEL.md)
+ [CREATE PROCEDURE](r_CREATE_PROCEDURE.md)
+ [CREATE RLS POLICY](r_CREATE_RLS_POLICY.md)
+ [CREATE ROLE](r_CREATE_ROLE.md)
+ [CREATE SCHEMA](r_CREATE_SCHEMA.md)
+ [CREATE TABLE](r_CREATE_TABLE_NEW.md)
+ [CREATE TABLE AS](r_CREATE_TABLE_AS.md)
+ [CREATE TEMPLATE](r_CREATE_TEMPLATE.md)
+ [CREATE USER](r_CREATE_USER.md)
+ [CREATE VIEW](r_CREATE_VIEW.md)
+ [DEALLOCATE](r_DEALLOCATE.md)
+ [DECLARE](declare.md)
+ [DELETE](r_DELETE.md)
+ [DESC DATASHARE](r_DESC_DATASHARE.md)
+ [DESC IDENTITY PROVIDER](r_DESC_IDENTITY_PROVIDER.md)
+ [DETACH MASKING POLICY](r_DETACH_MASKING_POLICY.md)
+ [DETACH RLS POLICY](r_DETACH_RLS_POLICY.md)
+ [DROP DATABASE](r_DROP_DATABASE.md)
+ [DROP DATASHARE](r_DROP_DATASHARE.md)
+ [DROP EXTERNAL VIEW](r_DROP_EXTERNAL_VIEW.md)
+ [DROP FUNCTION](r_DROP_FUNCTION.md)
+ [DROP GROUP](r_DROP_GROUP.md)
+ [DROP IDENTITY PROVIDER](r_DROP_IDENTITY_PROVIDER.md)
+ [DROP LIBRARY](r_DROP_LIBRARY.md)
+ [DROP MASKING POLICY](r_DROP_MASKING_POLICY.md)
+ [DROP MODEL](r_DROP_MODEL.md)
+ [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](materialized-view-drop-sql-command.md)
+ [DROP PROCEDURE](r_DROP_PROCEDURE.md)
+ [DROP RLS POLICY](r_DROP_RLS_POLICY.md)
+ [DROP ROLE](r_DROP_ROLE.md)
+ [DROP SCHEMA](r_DROP_SCHEMA.md)
+ [DROP TABLE](r_DROP_TABLE.md)
+ [DROP TEMPLATE](r_DROP_TEMPLATE.md)
+ [DROP USER](r_DROP_USER.md)
+ [DROP VIEW](r_DROP_VIEW.md)
+ [END](r_END.md)
+ [EXECUTE](r_EXECUTE.md)
+ [EXPLAIN](r_EXPLAIN.md)
+ [FETCH](fetch.md)
+ [GRANT](r_GRANT.md)
+ [INSERT](r_INSERT_30.md)
+ [INSERT（外部表）](r_INSERT_external_table.md)
+ [LOCK](r_LOCK.md)
+ [MERGE](r_MERGE.md)
+ [PREPARE](r_PREPARE.md)
+ [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](materialized-view-refresh-sql-command.md)
+ [RESET](r_RESET.md)
+ [REVOKE](r_REVOKE.md)
+ [ROLLBACK](r_ROLLBACK.md)
+ [SELECT](r_SELECT_synopsis.md)
+ [SELECT INTO](r_SELECT_INTO.md)
+ [SET](r_SET.md)
+ [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](r_SET_SESSION_AUTHORIZATION.md)
+ [SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS](r_SET_SESSION_CHARACTERISTICS.md)
+ [SHOW](r_SHOW.md)
+ [SHOW COLUMN GRANTS](r_SHOW_COLUMN_GRANTS.md)
+ [SHOW COLUMNS](r_SHOW_COLUMNS.md)
+ [SHOW CONSTRAINTS](r_SHOW_CONSTRAINTS.md)
+ [SHOW EXTERNAL TABLE](r_SHOW_EXTERNAL_TABLE.md)
+ [SHOW DATABASES](r_SHOW_DATABASES.md)
+ [SHOW FUNCTIONS](r_SHOW_FUNCTIONS.md)
+ [SHOW GRANTS](r_SHOW_GRANTS.md)
+ [SHOW MODEL](r_SHOW_MODEL.md)
+ [SHOW DATASHARES](r_SHOW_DATASHARES.md)
+ [SHOW PARAMETERS](r_SHOW_PARAMETERS.md)
+ [SHOW POLICIES](r_SHOW_POLICIES.md)
+ [SHOW PROCEDURE](r_SHOW_PROCEDURE.md)
+ [SHOW PROCEDURES](r_SHOW_PROCEDURES.md)
+ [SHOW SCHEMAS](r_SHOW_SCHEMAS.md)
+ [SHOW TABLE](r_SHOW_TABLE.md)
+ [SHOW TABLES](r_SHOW_TABLES.md)
+ [SHOW TEMPLATE](r_SHOW_TEMPLATE.md)
+ [SHOW TEMPLATES](r_SHOW_TEMPLATES.md)
+ [SHOW VIEW](r_SHOW_VIEW.md)
+ [START TRANSACTION](r_START_TRANSACTION.md)
+ [TRUNCATE](r_TRUNCATE.md)
+ [UNLOAD](r_UNLOAD.md)
+ [UPDATE](r_UPDATE.md)
+ [USE](r_USE_command.md)
+ [VACUUM](r_VACUUM_command.md)