Services or capabilities described in Amazon Web Services documentation might vary by Region. To see the differences applicable to the China Regions, see Getting Started with Amazon Web Services in China (PDF).

Analysis and maintenance

This section covers the following topics.

Viewing the cluster state

You can view the state of the cluster based on your operating system.

Operating system based

There are multiple operating system commands that can be run as root or as a user with appropriate permissions. The commands enable you to get an overview of the status of the cluster and its services. See the following commands for more details.

# pcs status

Sample output:

# pcs status
Cluster name: rhelha
Stack: corosync
Current DC: rhxhost01 (version 1.1.23-1.el7_9.1-9acf116022) - partition with quorum
Last updated: Sat Jan 14 20:55:26 2023
Last change: Sat Jan 14 17:45:40 2023 by hacluster via crmd on rhxhost01

2 nodes configured
7 resource instances configured

Online: [ rhxhost01 rhxhost02 ]

Full list of resources:

 rsc_aws_stonith_RHX    (stonith:fence_aws):    Started rhxhost01
 Resource Group: grp_RHX_ASCS00
     rsc_fs_RHX_ASCS00  (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem):    Started rhxhost01
     rsc_ip_RHX_ASCS00  (ocf::heartbeat:aws-vpc-move-ip):       Started rhxhost01
     rsc_sap_RHX_ASCS00 (ocf::heartbeat:SAPInstance):   Started rhxhost01
 Resource Group: grp_RHX_ERS10
     rsc_fs_RHX_ERS10   (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem):    Started rhxhost02
     rsc_ip_RHX_ERS10   (ocf::heartbeat:aws-vpc-move-ip):       Started rhxhost02
     rsc_sap_RHX_ERS10  (ocf::heartbeat:SAPInstance):   Started rhxhost02

Daemon Status:
  corosync: active/enabled
  pacemaker: active/enabled
  pcsd: active/enabled

The following table provides a list of useful commands.

Performing planned maintenance

The cluster connector is designed to integrate the cluster with SAP start framework (sapstartsrv), including the rolling kernel switch (RKS) awareness. Stopping and starting the SAP system using sapcontrol should not result in any cluster remediation activities as these actions are not interpreted as failures. Validate this scenario when testing your cluster.

There are different options to perform planned maintenance on nodes, resources, and the cluster.

Maintenance mode

Use maintenance mode if you want to make any changes to the configuration or take control of the resources and nodes in the cluster. In most cases, this is the safest option for administrative tasks.

On

Use the following command to turn on maintenance mode.

# pcs property set maintenance-mode="true"

Off

Use the following command to turn off maintenance mode.

# pcs property set maintenance-mode="false"

Placing a node in standby mode

To perform maintenance on the cluster without system outage, the recommended method for moving active resources is to place the node you want to remove from the cluster in standby mode.

# pcs node standby rhxhost01

The cluster will cleanly relocate resources, and you can perform activities, including reboots on the node in standby mode. When maintenance activities are complete, you can re-introduce the node with the following command.

# pcs node unstandby rhxhost01

Moving a resource (not recommended)

Moving individual resources is not recommended because of the migration or move constraints that are created to lock the resource in its new location. These can be cleared as described in the info messages, but this introduces an additional setup.

rhxhost01:~ # pcs resource move grp_RHX_ASCS00 rhxhost02

Note: Move constraint created for grp_RHX_ASCS00 to rhxhost02
Note: Use “pcs constraint location remove cli-prefer-grp_RHX_ASCS00” to remove this constraint.

Post-failure analysis and reset

A review must be conducted after each failure to understand the source of failure as well the reaction of the cluster. In most scenarios, the cluster prevents an application outage. However, a manual action is often required to reset the cluster to a protective state for any subsequent failures.

Checking the logs

Start your troubleshooting by checking the operating system log /var/log/messages. You can find additional information in the cluster and pacemaker logs.

Application based failures can be investigated in the SAP work directory.

Cleanup pcs status

If failed actions are reported using the crm status command, and if they have already been investigated, then you can clear the reports with the following command.

pcs resource cleanup <resource> <hostname>

pcs stonith cleanup

Restart failed nodes or pacemaker

It is recommended that failed (or fenced) nodes are not automatically restarted. It gives operators a chance to investigate the failure, and ensure that the cluster doesn't make assumptions about the state of resources.

You need to restart the instance or the pacemaker service based on your approach.

Further analysis

If further analysis from Red Hat is required, they may request an sos report, or logs of the cluster from crm_report or pcs cluster report.

sos report – The sos report command is a tool that collects configuration details, system information, and diagnostic information from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. For instance, the running kernel version, loaded modules, and system and service configuration files. The command also runs external programs to collect further information, and stores this output in the resulting archive. For more information, see Red Hat documentation What is an sos report and is it different from an sosreport?

crm report – collects the cluster logs/information from the node where the command is being run. For more information, see Red Hat documentation How do I generate a crm_report from a RHEL 6 or 7 High Availability cluster node using pacemaker?

crm_report

pcs cluster report – command collects the cluster logs/information from all the nodes involved in the cluster.

pcs cluster report <destination_path>

Alerting and monitoring

This section covers the following topics.

Using Amazon CloudWatch Application Insights

For monitoring and visibility of cluster state and actions, Application Insights includes metrics for monitoring enqueue replication state, cluster metrics, and SAP and high availability checks. Additional metrics, such as EFS and CPU monitoring can also help with root cause analysis.

For more information, see Get started with Amazon CloudWatch Application Insights and SAP NetWeaver High Availability on Amazon EC2.

Using the cluster alert agents

Within the cluster configuration, you can call an external program (an alert agent) to handle alerts. This is a push notification. It passes information about the event via environment variables.

The agents can then be configured to send emails, log to a file, update a monitoring system, etc. For example, the following script can be used to access Amazon SNS.

#!/bin/sh
#
# alert_sns.sh
# modified from /usr/share/pacemaker/alerts/alert_smtp.sh.sample
#
##############################################################################
# SETUP
# * Create an SNS Topic and subscribe email or chatbot
# * Note down the ARN for the SNS topic
# * Give the IAM Role attached to both Instances permission to publish to the SNS Topic
# * Ensure the aws cli is installed
# * Copy this file to /usr/share/pacemaker/alerts/alert_sns.sh or other location on BOTH nodes
# * Ensure the permissions allow for hacluster and root to execute the script
# * Run the following as root (modify file location if necessary and replace SNS ARN):

# SLES:
#   crm configure alert aws_sns_alert /usr/share/pacemaker/alerts/alert_sns.sh meta timeout=30s timestamp-format="%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S" to { arn:aws:sns:region:account-id:myPacemakerAlerts  }
# RHEL:
#   pcs alert create id=aws_sns_alert path=/usr/share/pacemaker/alerts/alert_sns.sh meta timeout=30s timestamp-format="%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S"
#  pcs alert recipient add aws_sns_alert value=arn:aws:sns:region:account-id:myPacemakerAlerts

# Additional information to send with the alerts.
node_name=`uname -n`
sns_body=`env | grep CRM_alert_`
# Required for SNS
TOKEN=$(/usr/bin/curl --noproxy '*' -s -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600")
# Get metadata
REGION=$(/usr/bin/curl --noproxy '*' -w "\n" -s -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document | grep region | awk -F\" '{print $4}')

sns_subscription_arn=${CRM_alert_recipient}
# Format depending on alert type
case ${CRM_alert_kind} in
   node)
     sns_subject="${CRM_alert_timestamp} ${cluster_name}: Node '${CRM_alert_node}' is now '${CRM_alert_desc}'"
   ;;
   fencing)
     sns_subject="${CRM_alert_timestamp} ${cluster_name}: Fencing ${CRM_alert_desc}"
   ;;
   resource)
     if [ ${CRM_alert_interval} = "0" ]; then
         CRM_alert_interval=""
     else
         CRM_alert_interval=" (${CRM_alert_interval})"
     fi
     if [ ${CRM_alert_target_rc} = "0" ]; then
         CRM_alert_target_rc=""
     else
         CRM_alert_target_rc=" (target: ${CRM_alert_target_rc})"
     fi
     case ${CRM_alert_desc} in
         Cancelled)
           ;;
         *)
           sns_subject="${CRM_alert_timestamp}: Resource operation '${CRM_alert_task}${CRM_alert_interval}' for '${CRM_alert_rsc}' on '${CRM_alert_node}': ${CRM_alert_desc}${CRM_alert_target_rc}"
           ;;
     esac
     ;;
   attribute)
     sns_subject="${CRM_alert_timestamp}: The '${CRM_alert_attribute_name}' attribute of the '${CRM_alert_node}' node was updated in '${CRM_alert_attribute_value}'"
     ;;
   *)
     sns_subject="${CRM_alert_timestamp}: Unhandled $CRM_alert_kind alert"
     ;;
esac
# Use this information to send the email.
aws sns publish --topic-arn "${sns_subscription_arn}" --subject "${sns_subject}" --message "${sns_body}" --region ${REGION}