使用 Amazon CloudTrail 记录 Amazon CloudWatch API 调用
Amazon CloudWatch 和 CloudWatch Synthetics 与 Amazon CloudTrail 集成，后者是一种提供用户、角色或 Amazon 服务所采取操作的记录的服务。CloudTrail 捕获由您的 Amazon 账户发出或代表该账户发出的 API 调用。捕获的调用包含来自控制台的调用和对 API 操作的代码调用。
如果您创建了一个跟踪记录，则可以使 CloudTrail 事件持续传送到 Amazon S3 存储桶（包括 CloudWatch 的事件）。如果您不配置跟踪，则仍可在 CloudTrail 控制台中的 事件历史记录 中查看最新事件。使用 CloudTrail 收集的信息，您可以确定向 CloudWatch 发出的请求内容、发出请求的 IP 地址、何人发出的请求、请求的发出时间以及其他详细信息。
要了解有关 CloudTrail 的更多信息（包括如何对其进行配置和启用），请参阅 Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南。
每个事件或日记账条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：
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请求是使用根用户凭证还是 Amazon Identity and Access Management（IAM）用户凭证发出的。
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请求是使用角色还是联合用户的临时安全凭证发出的。
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请求是否由其他 Amazon 服务发出。
有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
要持续记录 Amazon 账户中的事件（包括 CloudWatch 和 CloudWatch Synthetics 的事件），请创建跟踪记录。通过跟踪，CloudTrail 可将日志文件传送至 S3 存储桶。默认情况下，在控制台中创建跟踪时，此跟踪应用于所有 Amazon 区域。此跟踪在 Amazon 分区中记录所有区域中的事件，并将日志文件传送至您指定的 S3 存储桶。您可以配置其他 Amazon 服务，进一步分析在 CloudTrail 日志中收集的事件数据并采取措施。有关更多信息，请参阅下列内容：
注意
有关 CloudTrail 中记录的 CloudWatch Logs API 调用的信息，请参阅 CloudTrail 中的 CloudWatch Logs 信息。
主题
CloudTrail 中的 CloudWatch 信息
CloudWatch 支持将以下操作记录为 CloudTrail 日志文件中的事件：
示例：CloudWatch 日志文件条目
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目演示了 PutMetricAlarm 操作。
{ "Records": [{ "eventVersion": "1.01", "userIdentity": { "type": "Root", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "EXAMPLE_KEY_ID" }, "eventTime": "2014-03-23T21:50:34Z", "eventSource": "monitoring.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "PutMetricAlarm", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1", "userAgent": "aws-sdk-ruby2/2.0.0.rc4 ruby/1.9.3 x86_64-linux Seahorse/0.1.0", "requestParameters": { "threshold": 50.0, "period": 60, "metricName": "CloudTrail Test", "evaluationPeriods": 3, "comparisonOperator": "GreaterThanThreshold", "namespace": "AWS/CloudWatch", "alarmName": "CloudTrail Test Alarm", "statistic": "Sum" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "29184022-b2d5-11e3-a63d-9b463e6d0ff0", "eventID": "b096d5b7-dcf2-4399-998b-5a53eca76a27" }, ..additional entries ] }
以下日志文件条目显示某个用户调用了 CloudWatch Events PutRule 操作。
{ "eventVersion":"1.03", "userIdentity":{ "type":"Root", "principalId":"123456789012", "arn":"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext":{ "attributes":{ "mfaAuthenticated":"false", "creationDate":"2015-11-17T23:56:15Z" } } }, "eventTime":"2015-11-18T00:11:28Z", "eventSource":"events.amazonaws.com", "eventName":"PutRule", "awsRegion":"us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress":"AWS Internal", "userAgent":"AWS CloudWatch Console", "requestParameters":{ "description":"", "name":"cttest2", "state":"ENABLED", "eventPattern":"{\"source\":[\"aws.ec2\"],\"detail-type\":[\"EC2 Instance State-change Notification\"]}", "scheduleExpression":"" }, "responseElements":{ "ruleArn":"arn:aws:events:us-east-1:123456789012:rule/cttest2" }, "requestID":"e9caf887-8d88-11e5-a331-3332aa445952", "eventID":"49d14f36-6450-44a5-a501-b0fdcdfaeb98", "eventType":"AwsApiCall", "apiVersion":"2015-10-07", "recipientAccountId":"123456789012" }
以下日志文件条目显示某个用户调用了 CloudWatch Logs CreateExportTask 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/someuser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "someuser" }, "eventTime": "2016-02-08T06:35:14Z", "eventSource": "logs.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateExportTask", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1", "userAgent": "aws-sdk-ruby2/2.0.0.rc4 ruby/1.9.3 x86_64-linux Seahorse/0.1.0", "requestParameters": { "destination": "yourdestination", "logGroupName": "yourloggroup", "to": 123456789012, "from": 0, "taskName": "yourtask" }, "responseElements": { "taskId": "15e5e534-9548-44ab-a221-64d9d2b27b9b" }, "requestID": "1cd74c1c-ce2e-12e6-99a9-8dbb26bd06c9", "eventID": "fd072859-bd7c-4865-9e76-8e364e89307c", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "20140328", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" }
CloudTrail 中的 CloudWatch Internet Monitor
CloudWatch 互联网监测仪支持将以下操作记录为 CloudTrail 日志文件中的事件。
示例：CloudWatch Internet Monitor 日志文件条目
以下示例显示了一个 CloudTrail Internet Monitor 日志条目，该条目演示了 ListMonitors 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:assumed-role/role_name", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/Admin", "accountId":"123456789012", "userName": "SAMPLE_NAME" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2022-10-11T17:25:41Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } } }, "eventTime": "2022-10-11T17:30:18Z", "eventSource": "internetmonitor.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "ListMonitors", "awsRegion": "us-east-2", "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7)", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111", "eventID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEbbbbb", "readOnly": true, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "managementEvent": true, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Management" }
以下示例显示了一个 CloudTrail Internet Monitor 日志条目，该条目演示了 CreateMonitor 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:assumed-role/role_name", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/Admin", "accountId":"123456789012", "userName": "SAMPLE_NAME" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2022-10-11T17:25:41Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } } }, "eventTime": "2022-10-11T17:30:08Z", "eventSource": "internetmonitor.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateMonitor", "awsRegion": "us-east-2", "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7)", "requestParameters": { "MonitorName": "TestMonitor", "Resources": ["arn:aws:ec2:us-east-2:444455556666:vpc/vpc-febc0b95"], "ClientToken": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE33333" }, "responseElements": { "Arn": "arn:aws:internetmonitor:us-east-2:444455556666:monitor/ct-onboarding-test", "Status": "PENDING" }, "requestID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111", "eventID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEbbbbb", "readOnly": false, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "managementEvent": true, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Management" }
CloudTrail 中的 CloudWatch Synthetics 信息
CloudWatch Synthetics 支持在 CloudTrail 日志文件中将以下操作记录为事件：
示例：CloudWatch Synthetics 日志文件条目
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail Synthetics 日志条目，该条目说明了 DescribeCanaries 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:assumed-role/role_name", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/Administrator", "accountId":"123456789012", "userName": "SAMPLE_NAME" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-04-08T21:43:24Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-04-08T23:06:47Z", "eventSource": "synthetics.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DescribeCanaries", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1", "userAgent": "aws-internal/3 aws-sdk-java/1.11.590 Linux/4.9.184-0.1.ac.235.83.329.metal1.x86_64 OpenJDK_64-Bit_Server_VM/25.212-b03 java/1.8.0_212 vendor/Oracle_Corporation", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "201ed5f3-15db-4f87-94a4-123456789", "eventID": "73ddbd81-3dd0-4ada-b246-123456789", "readOnly": true, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333" }
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail Synthetics 日志条目，该条目说明了 UpdateCanary 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:assumed-role/role_name", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/Administrator", "accountId":"123456789012", "userName": "SAMPLE_NAME" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-04-08T21:43:24Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-04-08T23:06:47Z", "eventSource": "synthetics.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "UpdateCanary", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0", "userAgent": "aws-internal/3 aws-sdk-java/1.11.590 Linux/4.9.184-0.1.ac.235.83.329.metal1.x86_64 OpenJDK_64-Bit_Server_VM/25.212-b03 java/1.8.0_212 vendor/Oracle_Corporation", "requestParameters": { "Schedule": { "Expression": "rate(1 minute)" }, "name": "sample_canary_name", "Code": { "Handler": "myOwnScript.handler", "ZipFile": "SAMPLE_ZIP_FILE" } }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "fe4759b0-0849-4e0e-be71-1234567890", "eventID": "9dc60c83-c3c8-4fa5-bd02-1234567890", "readOnly": false, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333" }
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail Synthetics 日志条目，该条目说明了 GetCanaryRuns 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:assumed-role/role_name", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/Administrator", "accountId":"123456789012", "userName": "SAMPLE_NAME" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-04-08T21:43:24Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-04-08T23:06:30Z", "eventSource": "synthetics.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetCanaryRuns", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1", "userAgent": "aws-internal/3 aws-sdk-java/1.11.590 Linux/4.9.184-0.1.ac.235.83.329.metal1.x86_64 OpenJDK_64-Bit_Server_VM/25.212-b03 java/1.8.0_212 vendor/Oracle_Corporation", "requestParameters": { "Filter": "TIME_RANGE", "name": "sample_canary_name", "FilterValues": [ "2020-04-08T23:00:00.000Z", "2020-04-08T23:10:00.000Z" ] }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "2f56318c-cfbd-4b60-9d93-1234567890", "eventID": "52723fd9-4a54-478c-ac55-1234567890", "readOnly": true, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333" }