Alerting - SQL Server to Aurora PostgreSQL Migration Playbook
SQL Server UsagePostgreSQL Usage
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Alerting

Feature compatibility Amazon SCT / Amazon DMS automation level Amazon SCT action code index Key differences

One star feature compatibility

N/A

N/A

Use Amazon RDS event notification with Amazon Simple Notification Service.

SQL Server Usage

SQL Server provides SQL Server Agent to generate alerts. When running, SQL Server Agent constantly monitors SQL Server windows application log messages, performance counters, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) objects. When a new error event is detected, the agent checks the msdb database for configured alerts and runs the specified action.

You can define SQL Server Agent alerts for the following categories:

  • SQL Server events.

  • SQL Server performance conditions.

  • WMI events.

For SQL Server events, the alert options include the following settings:

  • Error Number — Alert when a specific error is logged.

  • Severity Level — Alert when any error in the specified severity level is logged.

  • Database — Filter the database list for which the event will generate an alert.

  • Event Text — Filter specific text in the event message.

Note

SQL Server Agent is pre-configured with several high severity alerts. It is highly recommended to turn on these alerts.

To generate an alert in response to a specific performance condition, specify the performance counter to be monitored, the threshold values for the alert, and the predicate for the alert to occur. The following list identifies the performance alert settings:

  • Object — The Performance counter category or the monitoring area of performance.

  • Counter — A counter is a specific attribute value of the object.

  • Instance — Filter by SQL Server instance (multiple instances can share logs).

  • Alert if counter and Value — The threshold for the alert and the predicate. The threshold is a number. Predicates are falls below, becomes equal to, or rises above the threshold.

WMI events require the WMI namespace and the WMI Query Language (WQL) query for specific events.

You can assign alerts to specific operators with schedule limitations and multiple response types including:

  • Run an SQL Server Agent job.

  • Send Email, Net Send command, or a pager notification.

You can configure alerts and responses with SQL Server Management Studio or system stored procedures.

Example

Configure an alert for all errors with severity 20.

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert
@name = N'Severity 20 Error Alert',
@severity = 20,
@notification_message = N'A severity 20 Error has occurred. Initiating emergency procedure',
@job_name = N'Error 20 emergency response';

For more information, see Alerts in the SQL Server documentation.

PostgreSQL Usage

Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL-Compatible Edition (Aurora PostgreSQL) doesn’t support direct configuration of engine alerts. Use the Event Notifications Infrastructure to collect history logs or receive event notifications in near real-time.

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) uses Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to provide notifications for events. SNS can send notifications in any form supported by the region including email, text messages, or calls to HTTP endpoints for response automation.

Events are grouped into categories. You can only subscribe to event categories, not individual events. SNS sends notifications when any event in a category occurs.

You can subscribe to alerts for database instances, database clusters, database snapshots, database cluster snapshots, database security groups, and database parameter groups. For example, a subscription to the Backup category for a specific database instance sends notifications when backup related events occur on that instance. A subscription to a Configuration Change category for a database security group sends notifications when the security group changes.

Note

For Amazon Aurora, some events occur at the cluster rather than instance level. You will not receive those events if you subscribe to an Amazon Aurora DB instance.

SNS sends event notifications to the address specified when the subscription was created. Typically, administrators create several subscriptions. For example, one subscription to receive logging events and another to receive only critical events for a production environment requiring immediate responses.

You can disable notifications without deleting a subscription by setting the Enabled radio button to No in the Amazon RDS console. Alternatively, use the Command Line Interface (CLI) or Amazon RDS API to change the Enabled setting.

Subscriptions are identified by the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an Amazon SNS topic. The Amazon RDS console creates ARNs when subscriptions are created. When using the CLI or API, you must create the ARN using the Amazon SNS console or the Amazon SNS API.

Examples

The following walkthrough demonstrates how to create an event notification subscription.

  1. Sign in to your Amazon account, and choose RDS.

  2. Choose Events on the left navigation pane. This screen that presents relevant Amazon RDS events occurs.

  3. Choose Event subscriptions and then choose Create event subscription.

  4. Enter the Name of the subscription and select a Target of ARN or Email. For email subscriptions, enter values for Topic name and With these recipients.

  5. Select the event source, choose specific event categories to be monitored, and choose Create.

  6. On the Amazon RDS dashboard, choose Recent events.

For more information, see Using Amazon RDS event notification in the Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide.

Raising Errors from Within the Database

The following table shows the PostgreSQL log severity levels.

Log type Information written to log

DEBUG1…DEBUG5

Provides successively-more-detailed information for use by developers.

INFO

Provides information implicitly requested by the user.

NOTICE

Provides information that might be helpful to users.

WARNING

Provides warnings of likely problems.

ERROR

Reports the error that caused the current command to abort.

LOG

Reports information of interest to administrators.

FATAL

Reports the error that caused the current session to abort.

PANIC

Reports the error that caused all database sessions to abort.

Several parameters control how and where PostgreSQL log and errors files are placed:

Parameter Description

log_filename

Sets the file name pattern for log files. To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.

log_rotation_age

(min) Automatic log file rotation will occur after N minutes. To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.

log_rotation_size

(kB) Automatic log file rotation will occur after N kilobytes. To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.

log_min_messages

Sets the message levels that are logged, such as DEBUG, ERROR, INFO, and so on. To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.

log_min_error_statement

Causes all statements generating errors at or above this level to be logged, such as DEBUG, ERROR, INFO, and so on. To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.

log_min_duration_statement

Sets the minimum run time above which statements will be logged (ms). To modify, use an Aurora Database Parameter Group.
Note

Modifications to certain parameters such as log_directory (which sets the destination directory for log files) or logging_collector (which starts a subprocess to capture the stderr output or csvlogs into log files) are disabled for an Aurora PostgreSQL instance.

For more information, see Error Reporting and Logging in the PostgreSQL documentation.