Creating a function that returns logs Viewing logs in the Lambda console Viewing logs in the CloudWatch console Viewing logs using the Amazon Command Line Interface (Amazon CLI)Deleting logs Working with the Ruby logger library

Log and monitor Ruby Lambda functions

Amazon Lambda automatically monitors Lambda functions on your behalf and sends logs to Amazon CloudWatch. Your Lambda function comes with a CloudWatch Logs log group and a log stream for each instance of your function. The Lambda runtime environment sends details about each invocation to the log stream, and relays logs and other output from your function's code. For more information, see Using CloudWatch Logs with Lambda.

This page describes how to produce log output from your Lambda function's code, and access logs using the Amazon Command Line Interface, the Lambda console, or the CloudWatch console.

Sections

Creating a function that returns logs
Viewing logs in the Lambda console
Viewing logs in the CloudWatch console
Viewing logs using the Amazon Command Line Interface (Amazon CLI)
Deleting logs
Working with the Ruby logger library

Creating a function that returns logs

To output logs from your function code, you can use puts statements, or any logging library that writes to stdout or stderr. The following example logs the values of environment variables and the event object.

Example lambda_function.rb


# lambda_function.rb

def handler(event:, context:)
    puts "## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
    puts ENV.to_a
    puts "## EVENT"
    puts event.to_a
end

Example log format


START RequestId: 8f507cfc-xmpl-4697-b07a-ac58fc914c95 Version: $LATEST
## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
environ({'AWS_LAMBDA_LOG_GROUP_NAME': '/aws/lambda/my-function', 'AWS_LAMBDA_LOG_STREAM_NAME': '2020/01/31/[$LATEST]3893xmpl7fac4485b47bb75b671a283c', 'AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME': 'my-function', ...})
## EVENT
{'key': 'value'}
END RequestId: 8f507cfc-xmpl-4697-b07a-ac58fc914c95
REPORT RequestId: 8f507cfc-xmpl-4697-b07a-ac58fc914c95  Duration: 15.74 ms  Billed Duration: 16 ms Memory Size: 128 MB Max Memory Used: 56 MB  Init Duration: 130.49 ms
XRAY TraceId: 1-5e34a614-10bdxmplf1fb44f07bc535a1   SegmentId: 07f5xmpl2d1f6f85 Sampled: true

The Ruby runtime logs the START, END, and REPORT lines for each invocation. The report line provides the following details.

REPORT line data fields

RequestId – The unique request ID for the invocation.
Duration – The amount of time that your function's handler method spent processing the event.
Billed Duration – The amount of time billed for the invocation.
Memory Size – The amount of memory allocated to the function.
Max Memory Used – The amount of memory used by the function. When invocations share an execution environment, Lambda reports the maximum memory used across all invocations. This behavior might result in a higher than expected reported value.
Init Duration – For the first request served, the amount of time it took the runtime to load the function and run code outside of the handler method.
XRAY TraceId – For traced requests, the Amazon X-Ray trace ID.
SegmentId – For traced requests, the X-Ray segment ID.
Sampled – For traced requests, the sampling result.

For more detailed logs, use the Working with the Ruby logger library.

Viewing logs in the Lambda console

You can use the Lambda console to view log output after you invoke a Lambda function.

If your code can be tested from the embedded Code editor, you will find logs in the execution results. When you use the console test feature to invoke a function, you'll find Log output in the Details section.

Viewing logs in the CloudWatch console

You can use the Amazon CloudWatch console to view logs for all Lambda function invocations.

To view logs on the CloudWatch console

Open the Log groups page on the CloudWatch console.
Choose the log group for your function (/aws/lambda/your-function-name).
Choose a log stream.

Each log stream corresponds to an instance of your function. A log stream appears when you update your Lambda function, and when additional instances are created to handle multiple concurrent invocations. To find logs for a specific invocation, we recommend instrumenting your function with Amazon X-Ray. X-Ray records details about the request and the log stream in the trace.

Viewing logs using the Amazon Command Line Interface (Amazon CLI)

The Amazon CLI is an open-source tool that enables you to interact with Amazon services using commands in your command line shell. To complete the steps in this section, you must have the Amazon CLI version 2.

You can use the Amazon CLI to retrieve logs for an invocation using the --log-type command option. The response contains a LogResult field that contains up to 4 KB of base64-encoded logs from the invocation.

Example retrieve a log ID

The following example shows how to retrieve a log ID from the LogResult field for a function named my-function.


aws lambda invoke --function-name my-function out --log-type Tail

You should see the following output:

{
    "StatusCode": 200,
    "LogResult": "U1RBUlQgUmVxdWVzdElkOiA4N2QwNDRiOC1mMTU0LTExZTgtOGNkYS0yOTc0YzVlNGZiMjEgVmVyc2lvb...",
    "ExecutedVersion": "$LATEST"
}

Example decode the logs

In the same command prompt, use the base64 utility to decode the logs. The following example shows how to retrieve base64-encoded logs for my-function.


aws lambda invoke --function-name my-function out --log-type Tail \
--query 'LogResult' --output text --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out | base64 --decode

The cli-binary-format option is required if you're using Amazon CLI version 2. To make this the default setting, run aws configure set cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out. For more information, see Amazon CLI supported global command line options in the Amazon Command Line Interface User Guide for Version 2.

You should see the following output:

START RequestId: 57f231fb-1730-4395-85cb-4f71bd2b87b8 Version: $LATEST
"AWS_SESSION_TOKEN": "AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELj...", "_X_AMZN_TRACE_ID": "Root=1-5d02e5ca-f5792818b6fe8368e5b51d50;Parent=191db58857df8395;Sampled=0"",ask/lib:/opt/lib",
END RequestId: 57f231fb-1730-4395-85cb-4f71bd2b87b8
REPORT RequestId: 57f231fb-1730-4395-85cb-4f71bd2b87b8  Duration: 79.67 ms      Billed Duration: 80 ms         Memory Size: 128 MB     Max Memory Used: 73 MB

The base64 utility is available on Linux, macOS, and Ubuntu on Windows. macOS users may need to use base64 -D.

Example get-logs.sh script

In the same command prompt, use the following script to download the last five log events. The script uses sed to remove quotes from the output file, and sleeps for 15 seconds to allow time for the logs to become available. The output includes the response from Lambda and the output from the get-log-events command.

Copy the contents of the following code sample and save in your Lambda project directory as get-logs.sh.


#!/bin/bash
aws lambda invoke --function-name my-function --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out --payload '{"key": "value"}' out
sed -i'' -e 's/"//g' out
sleep 15
aws logs get-log-events --log-group-name /aws/lambda/my-function --log-stream-name stream1 --limit 5

Example macOS and Linux (only)

In the same command prompt, macOS and Linux users may need to run the following command to ensure the script is executable.


chmod -R 755 get-logs.sh

Example retrieve the last five log events

In the same command prompt, run the following script to get the last five log events.


./get-logs.sh

You should see the following output:


{
    "StatusCode": 200,
    "ExecutedVersion": "$LATEST"
}
{
    "events": [
        {
            "timestamp": 1559763003171,
            "message": "START RequestId: 4ce9340a-b765-490f-ad8a-02ab3415e2bf Version: $LATEST\n",
            "ingestionTime": 1559763003309
        },
        {
            "timestamp": 1559763003173,
            "message": "2019-06-05T19:30:03.173Z\t4ce9340a-b765-490f-ad8a-02ab3415e2bf\tINFO\tENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\r{\r  \"AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_VERSION\": \"$LATEST\",\r ...",
            "ingestionTime": 1559763018353
        },
        {
            "timestamp": 1559763003173,
            "message": "2019-06-05T19:30:03.173Z\t4ce9340a-b765-490f-ad8a-02ab3415e2bf\tINFO\tEVENT\r{\r  \"key\": \"value\"\r}\n",
            "ingestionTime": 1559763018353
        },
        {
            "timestamp": 1559763003218,
            "message": "END RequestId: 4ce9340a-b765-490f-ad8a-02ab3415e2bf\n",
            "ingestionTime": 1559763018353
        },
        {
            "timestamp": 1559763003218,
            "message": "REPORT RequestId: 4ce9340a-b765-490f-ad8a-02ab3415e2bf\tDuration: 26.73 ms\tBilled Duration: 27 ms \tMemory Size: 128 MB\tMax Memory Used: 75 MB\t\n",
            "ingestionTime": 1559763018353
        }
    ],
    "nextForwardToken": "f/34783877304859518393868359594929986069206639495374241795",
    "nextBackwardToken": "b/34783877303811383369537420289090800615709599058929582080"
}

Deleting logs

Log groups aren't deleted automatically when you delete a function. To avoid storing logs indefinitely, delete the log group, or configure a retention period after which logs are deleted automatically.

Working with the Ruby logger library

The Ruby logger library returns streamlined logs that are easily read. Use the logger utility to output detailed information, messages, and errors codes related to your function.


# lambda_function.rb

require 'logger'

def handler(event:, context:) 
  logger = Logger.new($stdout)
  logger.info('## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES')
  logger.info(ENV.to_a)
  logger.info('## EVENT')
  logger.info(event)
  event.to_a
end

The output from logger includes the log level, timestamp, and request ID.


START RequestId: 1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125 Version: $LATEST
[INFO]  2020-01-31T22:12:58.534Z    1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125    ## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

[INFO]  2020-01-31T22:12:58.534Z    1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125    environ({'AWS_LAMBDA_LOG_GROUP_NAME': '/aws/lambda/my-function', 'AWS_LAMBDA_LOG_STREAM_NAME': '2020/01/31/[$LATEST]1bbe51xmplb34a2788dbaa7433b0aa4d', 'AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME': 'my-function', ...})

[INFO]  2020-01-31T22:12:58.535Z    1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125    ## EVENT

[INFO]  2020-01-31T22:12:58.535Z    1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125    {'key': 'value'}

END RequestId: 1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125
REPORT RequestId: 1c8df7d3-xmpl-46da-9778-518e6eca8125  Duration: 2.75 ms   Billed Duration: 3 ms Memory Size: 128 MB Max Memory Used: 56 MB  Init Duration: 113.51 ms
XRAY TraceId: 1-5e34a66a-474xmpl7c2534a87870b4370   SegmentId: 073cxmpl3e442861 Sampled: true

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