Services or capabilities described in Amazon Web Services documentation might vary by Region. To see the differences applicable to the China Regions,
see Getting Started with Amazon Web Services in China
(PDF).
Manage package and operating system updates in AL2023
Unlike previous versions of Amazon Linux, AL2023 AMIs are locked to a specific version of
the Amazon Linux repository. To apply both security and bug fixes to an AL2023 instance, update the DNF
configuration to the latest available release version. Alternatively, launch a newer AL2023 instance.
This section describes how to manage DNF
packages and repositories on a running instance. It also describes how to configure DNF from a user
data script to enable the latest available Amazon Linux repository at launch time. For more information, see DNF Command Reference.
It is recommended to apply all updates available in a new AL2023
release. Picking just security updates, or only specific updates
should be the exception rather than rule. For listing which Security advisories
are relevant to a particular instance, see
Listing applicable Advisories.
For information on installing only updates relevant to
a specific Advisory, see
Applying security updates in-place.
If you want to report a vulnerability or have a security concern
regarding Amazon cloud services or open source projects, contact
Amazon Security using the
Vulnerability Reporting page
Checking for available package updates
You can use the dnf check-update
command to check for any updates for your system. For AL2023, we
recommend that you add the --releasever=version-number
option to the
command.
When you add this option, DNF also checks for updates for a later version of
the repository. For example, after you run the dnf check-update
command, use the
latest returned version as the value for the
version-number
.
If the instance is updated to use the latest version of the repository, the output includes a list of all the packages to be updated.
If you don't specify the release version with the optional flag to the dnf check-update
command,
only the currently configured repository version is checked. This means that packages in the later version of the
repository aren't checked.
- Updates in a specific version
-
In this example we are going to look at what updates are available in the
2023.1.20230628
release if we launched a container of the 2023.0.20230315
release.
In this example we will be starting with a container image for the 2023.0.20230315
release.
First, we fetch this container image from the container registry.
The .0
at the end indicates the version of the image for a particular release; this image version is usually zero.
$
docker pull public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
2023.0.20230315.0: Pulling from amazonlinux/amazonlinux
b76f3b09316a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:94e7183b0739140dbd5b639fb7600f0a2299cec5df8780c26d9cb409da5315a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
We can now spawn a shell inside the container, from which we will check for updates.
$
docker run -it public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
bash-5.2#
The dnf check-update
command is now used to check updates available
in the 2023.1.20230628
release.
Applying package updates is a priviledged operation.
Although elevating privileges is typically not required when running in a container,
if running in a non-containerized environment such as an Amazon EC2 instance,
you can check for updates without elevating privileges.
$
dnf check-update --releasever=2023.1.20230628
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 60 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Mon Jul 22 17:25:34 2024.
amazon-linux-repo-cdn.noarch 2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023 amazonlinux
ca-certificates.noarch 2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux
curl-minimal.x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux
glib2.x86_64 2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux
glibc.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
glibc-common.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
glibc-minimal-langpack.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
gnupg2-minimal.x86_64 2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
keyutils-libs.x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux
libcap.x86_64 2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
libcurl-minimal.x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux
libgcc.x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
libgomp.x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
libstdc++.x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
libxml2.x86_64 2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux
ncurses-base.noarch 6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
ncurses-libs.x86_64 6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
openssl-libs.x86_64 1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux
python3-rpm.x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux
rpm.x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux
rpm-build-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux
rpm-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux
rpm-sign-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux
system-release.noarch 2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023 amazonlinux
tzdata.noarch 2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux
bash-5.2#
The version of the system-release
package shows the release that
a dnf upgrade
command would update to, which is the
2023.1.20230628
release that was requested in the
dnf check-update --releasever=2023.1.20230628
command.
- Updates in the latest version
-
In this example we are going to look at what updates are available in the latest
version of AL2023 if we launched a container of the
2023.4.20240319
release. At the time of writing, the latest
release is
2023.5.20240708,
so the listed updates in this example will be as of that release.
In this example we will be starting with a container image for the
2023.4.20240319
release.
First, we fetch this container image from the container registry.
The .1
at the end indicates the version of the image for a particular release. While the image version is typically zero,
this example uses a release where the image version is one.
$
docker pull public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
2023.4.20240319.1: Pulling from amazonlinux/amazonlinux
6de065fda9a2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b4838c4cc9211d966b6ea158dacc9eda7433a16ba94436508c2d9f01f7658b4e
Status: Downloaded newer image for public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
We can now spawn a shell inside the container, from which we will check for updates.
$
docker run -it public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
bash-5.2#
The dnf check-update
command is now used to check updates available in the latest
release, which at the time of writing was
2023.5.20240708.
Applying package updates is a priviledged operation.
Although elevating privileges is typically not required when running in a container,
if running in a non-containerized environment such as an Amazon EC2 instance,
you can check for updates without elevating privileges.
$
dnf --releasever=latest check-update
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 78 MB/s | 25 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:04 ago on Mon Jul 22 17:39:13 2024.
amazon-linux-repo-cdn.noarch 2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux
curl-minimal.x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
dnf.noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux
dnf-data.noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux
expat.x86_64 2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
glibc.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux
glibc-common.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux
glibc-minimal-langpack.x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux
krb5-libs.x86_64 1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
libblkid.x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
libcurl-minimal.x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
libmount.x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
libnghttp2.x86_64 1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux
libsmartcols.x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
libuuid.x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux
openssl-libs.x86_64 1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12 amazonlinux
python3.x86_64 3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8 amazonlinux
python3-dnf.noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux
python3-libs.x86_64 3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8 amazonlinux
system-release.noarch 2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux
yum.noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux
bash-5.2#
The version of the system-release
package shows the release that
a dnf upgrade
command would update to.
For this command, if there are newer packages available, the return code is 100. If there aren't any newer
packages available, the return code is 0. In addition, the output also lists all the packages to update.
Applying security updates using DNF and repository
versions
New package updates and security updates are made available to new repository versions only. For instances that
you launched from earlier AL2023 AMI versions, you must update the repository version before you can install security
updates. The dnf check-release-update
command includes an example update command that updates all the
packages that are installed on the system to versions in a newer repository.
If you don't specify the release version with the optional flag to the dnf check-update
command,
only the currently configured repository version is checked. This means that any update to installed packages
present in any later version of the repository aren't applied.
This section covers the recommended upgrade path of applying all available updates rather than picking and choosing
individual updates or only ones marked as security updates. By applying all updates, existing instances are moved
to the same package set as launching an updated AMI. This consistency reduces the variation of package versions
across a fleet. For more information on applying specific updates, see Applying security updates in-place.
- Applying updates in a specific version
-
In this example we are going to apply updates available in the
2023.1.20230628
release if we launched a container of the 2023.0.20230315
release.
In this example we will be starting with a container image for the 2023.0.20230315
release.
First, we fetch this container image from the container registry.
The .0
at the end indicates the version of the image for a particular release; this image version is usually zero.
$
docker pull public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
2023.0.20230315.0: Pulling from amazonlinux/amazonlinux
b76f3b09316a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:94e7183b0739140dbd5b639fb7600f0a2299cec5df8780c26d9cb409da5315a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
We can now spawn a shell inside the container, from which we will apply updates.
$
docker run -it public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.0.20230315.0
bash-5.2#
The dnf upgrade
command is now used to apply all of the updates present
in the 2023.1.20230628
release.
Applying package updates is a priviledged operation.
Although elevating privileges is typically not required when running in a container,
if running in a non-containerized environment such as an Amazon EC2 instance,
you will need to run the dnf upgrade
command as the root
user. This can be done using the sudo
or su
commands.
$
dnf upgrade --releasever=2023.1.20230628
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 38 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Mon Jul 22 17:49:08 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================
Upgrading:
amazon-linux-repo-cdn noarch 2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023 amazonlinux 18 k
ca-certificates noarch 2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 829 k
curl-minimal x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 150 k
glib2 x86_64 2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 2.7 M
glibc x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 1.9 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 307 k
glibc-minimal-langpack x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 35 k
gnupg2-minimal x86_64 2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 421 k
keyutils-libs x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 33 k
libcap x86_64 2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 67 k
libcurl-minimal x86_64 8.0.1-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 249 k
libgcc x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 105 k
libgomp x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 280 k
libstdc++ x86_64 11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 744 k
libxml2 x86_64 2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 706 k
ncurses-base noarch 6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 60 k
ncurses-libs x86_64 6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 328 k
openssl-libs x86_64 1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 2.2 M
python3-rpm x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux 88 k
rpm x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux 486 k
rpm-build-libs x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux 90 k
rpm-libs x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux 309 k
rpm-sign-libs x86_64 4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6 amazonlinux 21 k
system-release noarch 2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023 amazonlinux 29 k
tzdata noarch 2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 433 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================
Upgrade 25 Packages
Total download size: 12 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
The version of the system-release
package shows the release that
a dnf upgrade
command would update to, which is the
2023.1.20230628
release that was requested in the
dnf upgrade --releasever=2023.1.20230628
command.
By default, dnf
will ask you to confirm you wish to apply the updates.
You can bypass this prompt by using the -y
flag to dnf
.
for this example, the dnf upgrade -y --releasever=2023.1.20230628
command would not ask for confirmation before applying the updates. This is useful
in scripts or other automation environments.
Once confirming you want to apply the updates, dnf
applies them.
Is this ok [y/N]:
y
Downloading Packages:
(1/25): libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 67 kB 00:00
(2/25): python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86 2.1 MB/s | 88 kB 00:00
(3/25): libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64. 2.6 MB/s | 249 kB 00:00
(4/25): glib2-2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64.rpm 26 MB/s | 2.7 MB 00:00
(5/25): glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023. 1.3 MB/s | 35 kB 00:00
(6/25): rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6. 2.8 MB/s | 90 kB 00:00
(7/25): rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 6.6 MB/s | 309 kB 00:00
(8/25): libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64.rpm 3.9 MB/s | 105 kB 00:00
(9/25): glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 11 MB/s | 307 kB 00:00
(10/25): glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64.rpm 31 MB/s | 1.9 MB 00:00
(11/25): rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6. 877 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00
(12/25): gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86 15 MB/s | 421 kB 00:00
(13/25): openssl-libs-3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_6 35 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
(14/25): libxml2-2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64.rp 14 MB/s | 706 kB 00:00
(15/25): curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64.rp 4.2 MB/s | 150 kB 00:00
(16/25): rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64.rpm 11 MB/s | 486 kB 00:00
(17/25): libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64.rp 7.0 MB/s | 280 kB 00:00
(18/25): libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64. 14 MB/s | 744 kB 00:00
(19/25): keyutils-libs-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.x86_64.r 1.6 MB/s | 33 kB 00:00
(20/25): ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0. 10 MB/s | 328 kB 00:00
(21/25): tzdata-2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch.rpm 11 MB/s | 433 kB 00:00
(22/25): amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.1.20230628-0 781 kB/s | 18 kB 00:00
(23/25): ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023. 16 MB/s | 829 kB 00:00
(24/25): system-release-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn20 1.5 MB/s | 29 kB 00:00
(25/25): ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0. 3.1 MB/s | 60 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 28 MB/s | 12 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 1/50
Running scriptlet: libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 1/50
Upgrading : system-release-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.noarch 2/50
Upgrading : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.no 3/50
Upgrading : ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 4/50
Upgrading : tzdata-2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 5/50
Upgrading : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 6/50
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 7/50
Upgrading : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 7/50
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 7/50
Upgrading : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 8/50
Upgrading : libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 9/50
Upgrading : gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 10/50
Upgrading : libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 11/50
Running scriptlet: ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch 12/50
Upgrading : ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch 12/50
Running scriptlet: ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch 12/50
Upgrading : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 13/50
Upgrading : libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 14/50
Upgrading : curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 15/50
Upgrading : rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 16/50
Upgrading : rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 17/50
Upgrading : rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 18/50
Upgrading : rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 19/50
Upgrading : python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 20/50
Upgrading : glib2-2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 21/50
Upgrading : libxml2-2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 22/50
Upgrading : libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 23/50
Upgrading : keyutils-libs-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.x86_64 24/50
Upgrading : ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 25/50
Cleanup : glib2-2.73.2-680.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 26/50
Cleanup : libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 27/50
Cleanup : libxml2-2.10.3-2.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 28/50
Cleanup : python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 29/50
Cleanup : rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 30/50
Cleanup : rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 31/50
Cleanup : rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 32/50
Cleanup : libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 33/50
Cleanup : gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 34/50
Cleanup : ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 35/50
Cleanup : libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 36/50
Cleanup : rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 37/50
Cleanup : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 38/50
Cleanup : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 39/50
Cleanup : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 40/50
Cleanup : keyutils-libs-1.6.1-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 41/50
Cleanup : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.0.20230315-1.amzn2023.no 42/50
Cleanup : system-release-2023.0.20230315-1.amzn2023.noarch 43/50
Cleanup : ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 44/50
Cleanup : ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.3.noarch 45/50
Cleanup : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 46/50
Cleanup : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 47/50
Cleanup : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 48/50
Cleanup : tzdata-2022g-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 49/50
Cleanup : libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 50/50
Running scriptlet: libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 50/50
Running scriptlet: ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch 50/50
Running scriptlet: rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 50/50
Running scriptlet: libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 50/50
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 1/50
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 2/50
Verifying : libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 3/50
Verifying : libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 4/50
Verifying : glib2-2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 5/50
Verifying : glib2-2.73.2-680.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 6/50
Verifying : python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 7/50
Verifying : python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 8/50
Verifying : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 9/50
Verifying : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 10/50
Verifying : rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 11/50
Verifying : rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 12/50
Verifying : rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 13/50
Verifying : rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 14/50
Verifying : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 15/50
Verifying : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 16/50
Verifying : libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 17/50
Verifying : libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 18/50
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 19/50
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 20/50
Verifying : rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 21/50
Verifying : rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 22/50
Verifying : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 23/50
Verifying : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 24/50
Verifying : gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 25/50
Verifying : gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 26/50
Verifying : libxml2-2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 27/50
Verifying : libxml2-2.10.3-2.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 28/50
Verifying : curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64 29/50
Verifying : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 30/50
Verifying : rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 31/50
Verifying : rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64 32/50
Verifying : libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 33/50
Verifying : libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 34/50
Verifying : libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 35/50
Verifying : libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 36/50
Verifying : keyutils-libs-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.x86_64 37/50
Verifying : keyutils-libs-1.6.1-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 38/50
Verifying : ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 39/50
Verifying : ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 40/50
Verifying : ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch 41/50
Verifying : ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 42/50
Verifying : tzdata-2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 43/50
Verifying : tzdata-2022g-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch 44/50
Verifying : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.no 45/50
Verifying : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.0.20230315-1.amzn2023.no 46/50
Verifying : system-release-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.noarch 47/50
Verifying : system-release-2023.0.20230315-1.amzn2023.noarch 48/50
Verifying : ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 49/50
Verifying : ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.3.noarch 50/50
Upgraded:
amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.noarch
ca-certificates-2023.2.60-1.0.amzn2023.0.2.noarch
curl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64
glib2-2.74.7-688.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
gnupg2-minimal-2.3.7-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
keyutils-libs-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.x86_64
libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
libcurl-minimal-8.0.1-1.amzn2023.x86_64
libgcc-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
libgomp-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
libstdc++-11.3.1-4.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
libxml2-2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
ncurses-base-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.noarch
ncurses-libs-6.2-4.20200222.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
python3-rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64
rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64
rpm-build-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64
rpm-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64
rpm-sign-libs-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64
system-release-2023.1.20230628-0.amzn2023.noarch
tzdata-2023c-1.amzn2023.0.1.noarch
Complete!
bash-5.2#
- Updates in the latest version
-
In this example we are going to apply updates available in the latest
version of AL2023 if we launched a container of the
2023.4.20240319
release. At the time of writing, the latest
release is
2023.5.20240708,
so the listed updates in this example will be as of that release.
In this example we will be starting with a container image for the
2023.4.20240319
release.
First, we fetch this container image from the container registry.
The .1
at the end indicates the version of the image for a particular release. While the image version is typically zero,
this example uses a release where the image version is one.
$
docker pull public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
2023.4.20240319.1: Pulling from amazonlinux/amazonlinux
6de065fda9a2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b4838c4cc9211d966b6ea158dacc9eda7433a16ba94436508c2d9f01f7658b4e
Status: Downloaded newer image for public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
We can now spawn a shell inside the container, from which we will apply updates.
$
docker run -it public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023.4.20240319.1
bash-5.2#
The dnf upgrade
command is now used to apply updates available in the latest
release, which at the time of writing was
2023.5.20240708.
Applying package updates is a priviledged operation.
Although elevating privileges is typically not required when running in a container,
if running in a non-containerized environment such as an Amazon EC2 instance,
you will need to run the dnf upgrade
command as the root
user. This can be done using the sudo
or su
commands.
By default, dnf
will ask you to confirm you wish to apply the updates.
In this example, we are bypassing this prompt by using the -y
flag to dnf
.
$
dnf -y --releasever=latest update
Amazon Linux 2023 repository 75 MB/s | 25 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:04 ago on Mon Jul 22 18:00:10 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================
Upgrading:
amazon-linux-repo-cdn noarch 2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 17 k
curl-minimal x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 160 k
dnf noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux 460 k
dnf-data noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux 34 k
expat x86_64 2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 117 k
glibc x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux 1.9 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux 295 k
glibc-minimal-langpack x86_64 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10 amazonlinux 23 k
krb5-libs x86_64 1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 758 k
libblkid x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 105 k
libcurl-minimal x86_64 8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 275 k
libmount x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 132 k
libnghttp2 x86_64 1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 79 k
libsmartcols x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 62 k
libuuid x86_64 2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 26 k
openssl-libs x86_64 1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12 amazonlinux 2.2 M
python3 x86_64 3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8 amazonlinux 27 k
python3-dnf noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux 409 k
python3-libs x86_64 3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8 amazonlinux 7.3 M
system-release noarch 2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 28 k
yum noarch 4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5 amazonlinux 32 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================
Upgrade 21 Packages
Total download size: 14 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/21): amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.5.20240708-1. 345 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
(2/21): dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch.rpm 6.8 MB/s | 460 kB 00:00
(3/21): dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch.rp 1.6 MB/s | 34 kB 00:00
(4/21): expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64.rpm 4.6 MB/s | 117 kB 00:00
(5/21): glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64.rpm 38 MB/s | 1.9 MB 00:00
(6/21): glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_6 8.8 MB/s | 295 kB 00:00
(7/21): glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023. 1.7 MB/s | 23 kB 00:00
(8/21): curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 998 kB/s | 160 kB 00:00
(9/21): libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64.rp 4.1 MB/s | 105 kB 00:00
(10/21): krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64.rp 16 MB/s | 758 kB 00:00
(11/21): libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64.r 7.9 MB/s | 132 kB 00:00
(12/21): libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 5.6 MB/s | 79 kB 00:00
(13/21): libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_ 4.4 MB/s | 62 kB 00:00
(14/21): libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x8 7.1 MB/s | 275 kB 00:00
(15/21): libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64.rp 1.1 MB/s | 26 kB 00:00
(16/21): python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64.rp 1.5 MB/s | 27 kB 00:00
(17/21): python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarc 19 MB/s | 409 kB 00:00
(18/21): system-release-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn20 1.9 MB/s | 28 kB 00:00
(19/21): yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 32 kB 00:00
(20/21): openssl-libs-3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12.x86_ 26 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
(21/21): python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_ 59 MB/s | 7.3 MB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 34 MB/s | 14 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 1/42
Upgrading : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 2/42
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 3/42
Upgrading : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 3/42
Running scriptlet: glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 3/42
Upgrading : libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 4/42
Upgrading : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12.x86_64 5/42
Upgrading : krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 6/42
Upgrading : libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 7/42
Running scriptlet: libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 7/42
Upgrading : expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 8/42
Upgrading : python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 9/42
Upgrading : python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 10/42
Upgrading : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 11/42
Upgrading : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 12/42
Upgrading : system-release-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.noarch 13/42
Upgrading : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.no 14/42
Upgrading : dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 15/42
Upgrading : python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 16/42
Upgrading : dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 17/42
Running scriptlet: dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 17/42
Upgrading : yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 18/42
Upgrading : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 19/42
Upgrading : libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 20/42
Upgrading : libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 21/42
Cleanup : yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 22/42
Running scriptlet: dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 23/42
Cleanup : dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 23/42
Running scriptlet: dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 23/42
Cleanup : python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 24/42
Cleanup : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.4.20240319-1.amzn2023.no 25/42
Cleanup : libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 26/42
Cleanup : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 27/42
Cleanup : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 28/42
Cleanup : krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 29/42
Cleanup : libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 30/42
Cleanup : libnghttp2-1.57.0-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 31/42
Cleanup : libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 32/42
Cleanup : system-release-2023.4.20240319-1.amzn2023.noarch 33/42
Cleanup : dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 34/42
Cleanup : python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 35/42
Cleanup : python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 36/42
Cleanup : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.11.x86_64 37/42
Cleanup : libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 38/42
Cleanup : expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 39/42
Cleanup : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 40/42
Cleanup : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 41/42
Cleanup : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 42/42
Running scriptlet: glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 42/42
Verifying : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.no 1/42
Verifying : amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.4.20240319-1.amzn2023.no 2/42
Verifying : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 3/42
Verifying : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 4/42
Verifying : dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 5/42
Verifying : dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 6/42
Verifying : dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 7/42
Verifying : dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 8/42
Verifying : expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 9/42
Verifying : expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 10/42
Verifying : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 11/42
Verifying : glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 12/42
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 13/42
Verifying : glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 14/42
Verifying : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64 15/42
Verifying : glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 16/42
Verifying : krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 17/42
Verifying : krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 18/42
Verifying : libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 19/42
Verifying : libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 20/42
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 21/42
Verifying : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 22/42
Verifying : libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 23/42
Verifying : libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 24/42
Verifying : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 25/42
Verifying : libnghttp2-1.57.0-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 26/42
Verifying : libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 27/42
Verifying : libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 28/42
Verifying : libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 29/42
Verifying : libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64 30/42
Verifying : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12.x86_64 31/42
Verifying : openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.11.x86_64 32/42
Verifying : python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 33/42
Verifying : python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 34/42
Verifying : python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 35/42
Verifying : python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 36/42
Verifying : python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64 37/42
Verifying : python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 38/42
Verifying : system-release-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.noarch 39/42
Verifying : system-release-2023.4.20240319-1.amzn2023.noarch 40/42
Verifying : yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch 41/42
Verifying : yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.noarch 42/42
Upgraded:
amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.noarch
curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch
dnf-data-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch
expat-2.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
glibc-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64
glibc-common-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64
glibc-minimal-langpack-2.34-52.amzn2023.0.10.x86_64
krb5-libs-1.21-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libblkid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libmount-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
libsmartcols-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libuuid-2.37.4-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.12.x86_64
python3-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64
python3-dnf-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch
python3-libs-3.9.16-1.amzn2023.0.8.x86_64
system-release-2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023.noarch
yum-4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5.noarch
Complete!
bash-5.2#
To discover AL2023 updates, do one or more of the following:
-
Run the dnf check-update
command. This checks for any unapplied updates in the version
of Amazon Linux which you are locked to. This may show updates if you updated only the system-release
package, moving what version of the repositories the instance is locked to but not applying any of
the updates available in it.
-
Subscribe to the Amazon Linux repository update SNS topic
(arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:137112412989:amazon-linux-2023-ami-updates
). For more information, see Subscribing to an Amazon SNS
topic in the Amazon Simple Notification Service Developer Guide.
-
Regularly refer to the AL2023
release notes.
-
Discover new versions by Checking for newer repository versions with dnf check-release-update.
New versions of AL2023 containing security updates are released frequently.
Be sure to keep up to date with relevant security patches.
Automatic service restart after (security) updates
Amazon Linux now ships with the smart-restart package. Smart-restart
restarts systemd services on
system updates whenever a package is installed or deleted using the systems package manager. This occurs whenever
dnf (update|upgrade|downgrade)
is executed.
Smart-restart
uses the needs-restarting
package from dnf-utils
and a custom denylisting mechanism to determine which services need to be restarted
and whether a system reboot is advised.
If a system reboot is advised, a reboot hint marker file is generated (/run/smart-restart/reboot-hint-marker
).
To install smart-restart
Run the following DNF command (as you would with any other package).
$
sudo dnf install smart-restart
After the installation, the subsequent transactions will trigger the smart-restart
logic.
Denylist
Smart-restart
can be instructed to block certain services from being restarted. The blocked services won't contribute to the decision
of whether a reboot is required. To block additional services, add a file with the suffix -denylist
in /etc/smart-restart-conf.d/
as shown in the following example.
$
cat /etc/smart-restart-conf.d/custom-denylist
# Some comments
myservice.service
All *-denylist
files are read and evaluated when making the decision of whether a reboot is required.
Custom hooks
In addition to denylisting, smart-restart
provides a mechanism to run custom scripts before and after the attempts to restart the service.
The custom scripts can be used to manually perform preparation steps or to inform other components of a remaining or completed restart.
All scripts in /etc/smart-restart-conf.d/
with the suffix -pre-restart
or -post-restart
are executed. If the order is important, prefix all of the scripts with
a number to ensure the execution order as shown in the following example.
$
ls /etc/smart-restart-conf.d/*-pre-restart
001-my-script-pre-restart
002-some-other-script-pre-restart
Launching an instance with the latest repository version
enabled
You can add DNF commands to a user-data script to control what RPM packages are
installed on an Amazon Linux AMI when it's launched. In the following example, a user-data script is used to make sure that
any instance launched with the user-data script has the same package updates installed.
#!/bin/bash
dnf upgrade --releasever=2023.0.20230210
# Additional setup and install commands below
dnf install httpd php7.4 mysql80
You must run this script as superuser (root). To do this, run the following command.
$
sudo sh -c "bash nameofscript
.sh"
For more information, see User data and shell scripts in the
Amazon EC2 User Guide.
Instead of using a user-data script, launch the latest Amazon Linux AMI or a custom AMI that's based on the Amazon Linux AMI.
The latest Amazon Linux AMI has all the necessary updates installed and is configured to point at a particular repository
version.
Getting package support information
AL2023 incorporates many different open-source software projects. Each of these projects is managed
independently from Amazon Linux and have different release and end-of-support schedules. To provide you with Amazon Linux specific
information about these different packages, the DNF
supportinfo
plugin provides metadata about a package. In the following example, the dnf
supportinfo
command returns metadata for the glibc
package.
$
sudo dnf supportinfo --pkg glibc
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:56 ago on Wed Mar 1 23:21:49 2023.
Name : glibc
Version : 2.34-52.amzn2023.0.2
State : installed
Support Status : supported
Support Periods : from 2023-03-15 : supported
: from 2028-03-15 : unsupported
Support Statement : Amazon Linux 2023 End Of Life
Link : https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/faqs/
Other Info : This is the support statement for AL2023. The
...: end of life of Amazon Linux 2023 would be March 2028.
...: From this point, the Amazon Linux 2023 packages (listed
...: below) will no longer, receive any updates from AWS.
Checking for newer repository versions with dnf check-release-update
In an AL2023 instance, you can use the DNF utility to manage repositories and apply updated
RPM packages. These packages are available in the Amazon Linux repositories. You can use the
DNF command dnf check-release-update
to check for new versions of the DNF
repository.
AL2023 container images do not include the dnf check-release-update
command by default.
$
dnf check-release-update
No such command: check-release-update. Please use /usr/bin/dnf --help
It could be a DNF plugin command, try: "dnf install 'dnf-command(check-release-update)'"
When dnf install 'dnf-command(check-release-update)'
is run, dnf
will install the package which provides the check-release-update
command, which is the dnf-plugin-release-notification
package. In the below example, the -q
argument is given to dnf
for it to have quiet output.
$
dnf -y -q install 'dnf-command(check-release-update)'
Installed:
dnf-plugin-release-notification-1.2-1.amzn2023.0.2.noarch
In non-containerized environments such as an Amazon EC2 instance,
the check-release-update
command is included
by default.
$
sudo dnf check-release-update
WARNING:
A newer release of "Amazon Linux" is available.
Available Versions:
Version 2023.0.20230210:
Run the following command to update to 2023.0.20230210:
dnf upgrade --releasever=2023.0.20230210
Release notes:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/release-notes/relnotes.html
This returns a full list of all the newer versions of the DNF repositories that are available. If
nothing's returned, this means that DNF is currently configured to use the latest available version.
The version of the currently installed system-release
package sets the releasever
DNF variable. To check the current repository version, run the following command.
$
rpm -q system-release --qf "%{VERSION}\n"
When you run DNF package transactions (such as install, update, or remove commands), a warning
message notifies you of any new repository versions. For example, if you install the httpd
package on an
instance that was launched from an older version of AL2023, the following output is returned.
$
sudo dnf install httpd -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:52 ago on Wed Mar 1 23:21:49 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 46 k
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 129 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 98 k
generic-logos-httpd
noarch 18.0.0-12.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 19 k
httpd-core x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 1.3 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 13 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 80 k
libbrotli x86_64 1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 315 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 33 k
Installing weak dependencies:
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 17 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.15.24-1.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 152 k
mod_lua x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 amazonlinux 60 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================
Install 12 Packages
Total download size: 2.3 M
Installed size: 6.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/12): apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.am 212 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
(2/12): apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x8 1.1 MB/s | 129 kB 00:00
(3/12): httpd-core-2.4.54-3.amzn202 8.9 MB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00
(4/12): mod_http2-1.15.24-1.amzn202 1.9 MB/s | 152 kB 00:00
(5/12): apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0 1.7 MB/s | 98 kB 00:00
(6/12): mod_lua-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0 1.4 MB/s | 60 kB 00:00
(7/12): httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 1.5 MB/s | 46 kB 00:00
(8/12): libbrotli-1.0.9-4.amzn2023. 4.4 MB/s | 315 kB 00:00
(9/12): mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0 753 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
(10/12): httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2 978 kB/s | 80 kB 00:00
(11/12): httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3. 210 kB/s | 13 kB 00:00
(12/12): generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0 439 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6.6 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 1/12
Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1. 2/12
Installing : apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 3/12
Installing : mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3.noarch 4/12
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_ 5/12
Installing : generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0-12.amzn2023 6/12
Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 7/12
Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 7/12
Installing : httpd-core-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_6 8/12
Installing : mod_http2-1.15.24-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_6 9/12
Installing : libbrotli-1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 10/12
Installing : mod_lua-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 11/12
Installing : httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 12/12
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1. 2/12
Verifying : httpd-core-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_6 3/12
Verifying : mod_http2-1.15.24-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_6 4/12
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : mod_lua-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : libbrotli-1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 8/12
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_ 9/12
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3.noarch 10/12
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 11/12
Verifying : generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0-12.amzn2023 12/12
Installed:
apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64
apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0-12.amzn2023.0.3.noarch
httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
httpd-core-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
libbrotli-1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64
mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3.noarch
mod_http2-1.15.24-1.amzn2023.0.3.x86_64
mod_lua-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
Complete!
Adding, enabling, or disabling new repositories
Only add repositories designed to be used with AL2023.
While repositories designed for other distributions may
work today, there is no guarantee they will continue to
do so with any package update in AL2023 or the
repository not designed for use with AL2023.
To install a package from a different repository than the default Amazon Linux repositories, you will need to configure the DNF
package management system to know where the repostiory is
To tell dnf
about a package repository, add the
repository information to a configuration file for that repository
in the /etc/yum.repos.d/
directory. Many
third-party repositories provide either the configuration file
content or an installable package which includes the configuration file.
While repositories can be configured directly in the /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
file, this is not recommended. It is recommended that each repository be configured in its own file in /etc/yum.repos.d/
.
To find out what repositories are currently enabled, you can run the following
command:
$
dnf repolist all --verbose
Loaded plugins: builddep, changelog, config-manager, copr, debug, debuginfo-install, download, generate_completion_cache, groups-manager, needs-restarting, playground, release-notification, repoclosure, repodiff, repograph, repomanage, reposync, supportinfo
DNF version: 4.12.0
cachedir: /var/cache/dnf
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Wed Mar 1 23:40:15 2023.
Repo-id : amazonlinux
Repo-name : Amazon Linux 2023 repository
Repo-status : enabled
Repo-revision : 1677203368
Repo-updated : Fri Feb 24 01:49:28 2023
Repo-pkgs : 12632
Repo-available-pkgs: 12632
Repo-size : 12 G
Repo-mirrors : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/core/mirrors/2023.0.20230222/x86_64/mirror.list
Repo-baseurl : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/core/guids/cf9296325a6c46ff40c775a8e2d632c4c3fd9d9164014ce3304715d61b90ca8e/x86_64/
: (0 more)
Repo-expire : 172800 second(s) (last: Wed Mar 1 23:40:15
: 2023)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/amazonlinux.repo
Repo-id : amazonlinux-debuginfo
Repo-name : Amazon Linux 2023 repository - Debug
Repo-status : disabled
Repo-mirrors : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/core/mirrors/2023.0.20230222/debuginfo/x86_64/mirror.list
Repo-expire : 21600 second(s) (last: unknown)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/amazonlinux.repo
Repo-id : amazonlinux-source
Repo-name : Amazon Linux 2023 repository - Source packages
Repo-status : disabled
Repo-mirrors : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/core/mirrors/2023.0.20230222/SRPMS/mirror.list
Repo-expire : 21600 second(s) (last: unknown)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/amazonlinux.repo
Repo-id : kernel-livepatch
Repo-name : Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository
Repo-status : disabled
Repo-mirrors : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/kernel-livepatch/mirrors/al2023/x86_64/mirror.list
Repo-expire : 172800 second(s) (last: unknown)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/kernel-livepatch.repo
Repo-id : kernel-livepatch-source
Repo-name : Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository -
: Source packages
Repo-status : disabled
Repo-mirrors : https://al2023-repos-us-west-2-de612dc2.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/kernel-livepatch/mirrors/al2023/SRPMS/mirror.list
Repo-expire : 21600 second(s) (last: unknown)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/kernel-livepatch.repo
Total packages: 12632
If you don't add the --verbose
option flag, the output only includes the Repo-id
,
Repo-name
, and Repo-status
information.
To add a yum
repository to /etc/yum.repos.d
directory:
-
Find the location of the .repo
file. In this example, the .repo
file is at
https://www.example.com/repository.repo
.
-
Add the repository with the dnf config-manager
command.
$
sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://www.example.com/repository.repo
Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper
adding repo from: https://www.example.com/repository.repo
grabbing file https://www.example.com/repository.repo
to /etc/yum.repos.d/repository.repo
repository.repo
| 4.0 kB 00:00
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/repository.repo
After you install a repository, you must enable it as described in the next procedure.
To enable a yum
repository in /etc/yum.repos.d
, use the
dnf config-manager
command with the --enable
flag and
repository
name.
$
sudo dnf config-manager --enable repository
To disable a repository, use the same command syntax, but replace --enable
with
--disable
in the command.
Adding repositories with cloud-init
In addition to adding a repository using the previous method, you can also add a new repository using the
cloud-init
framework.
To add a new package repository, we recommend the use of the following template. Consider saving this file locally.
#cloud-config
yum_repos:
repository.repo:
baseurl: https://www.example.com/
enabled: true
gpgcheck: true
gpgkey: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EXAMPLE
name: Example Repository
One advantage to using cloud-init
is that you can add a packages:
section to your
configuration file. In this section, you can include the names of the packages that you want to install. You can
install packages from either the default repository or the new repository that you added in the
cloud-config
file.
For more specific information about the structure of the YAML file, see Adding a YUM
repository in the cloud-init
documentation.
After you set up the YAML format file, you can run it in the cloud-init
framework in the Amazon CLI.
Make sure to include the --userdata
option and the name of the .yml
file to call the
desired operations.
$
aws ec2 run-instances \
--image-id \
resolve:ssm:/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/al2023-ami-kernel-default-x86_64
\
--instance-type m5.xlarge
\
--region us-east-1
\
--key-name aws-key-us-east-1
\
--security-group-ids sg-004a7650
\
--user-data file://cloud-config.yml