Services or capabilities described in Amazon Web Services documentation might vary by Region. To see the differences applicable to the China Regions, see Getting Started with Amazon Web Services in China (PDF).

Using the Bolt protocol to make openCypher queries to Neptune

Bolt is a statement-oriented client/server protocol initially developed by Neo4j and licensed under the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution-ShareAlike license. It is client-driven, meaning that the client always initiates message exchanges.

To connect to Neptune using Neo4j's Bolt drivers, simply replace the URL and Port number with your cluster endpoints using the bolt URI scheme. If you have a single Neptune instance running, use the read_write endpoint. If multiple instances are running, then two drivers are recommended, one for the writer and another for all the read replicas. If you have only the default two endpoints, a read_write and a read_only driver are sufficient, but if you have custom endpoints as well, consider creating a driver instance for each one.

Neptune allows up to 1000 concurrent Bolt connections.

For examples of openCypher queries in various languages that use the Bolt drivers, see the Neo4j Drivers & Language Guides documentation.

Using Bolt with Java to connect to Neptune

You can download a driver for whatever version you want to use from the Maven MVN repository, or can add this dependency to your project:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.neo4j.driver</groupId>
  <artifactId>neo4j-java-driver</artifactId>
  <version>4.3.3</version>
</dependency>

Then, to connect to Neptune in Java using one of these Bolt drivers, create a driver instance for the primary/writer instance in your cluster using code like the following:

import org.neo4j.driver.Driver;
import org.neo4j.driver.GraphDatabase;

final Driver driver =
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
    AuthTokens.none(),
    Config.builder().withEncryption()
                    .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                    .build());

If you have one or more reader replicas, you can similarly create a driver instance for them using code like this:

final Driver read_only_driver =              // (without connection timeout)
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
      Config.builder().withEncryption()
                      .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                      .build());

Or, with a timeout:

final Driver read_only_timeout_driver =      // (with connection timeout)
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
    Config.builder().withConnectionTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                    .withEncryption()
                    .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                    .build());

If you have custom endpoints, it may also be worthwhile to create a driver instance for each one.

A Python openCypher query example using Bolt

Here is how to make an openCypher query in Python using Bolt:

python -m pip install neo4j

from neo4j import GraphDatabase
uri = "bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)"
driver = GraphDatabase.driver(uri, auth=("username", "password"), encrypted=True)

Note that the auth parameters are ignored.

A .NET openCypher query example using Bolt

To make an openCypher query in .NET using Bolt, the first step is to install the Neo4j driver using NuHet. To make synchronous calls, use the .Simple version, like this:

Install-Package Neo4j.Driver.Simple-4.3.0

using Neo4j.Driver;

namespace hello
{
  // This example creates a node and reads a node in a Neptune
  // Cluster where IAM Authentication is not enabled.
  public class HelloWorldExample : IDisposable
  {
    private bool _disposed = false;
    private readonly IDriver _driver;
    private static string url = "bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)";
    private static string createNodeQuery = "CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample'";
    private static string readNodeQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) RETURN n.message";

    ~HelloWorldExample() => Dispose(false);

    public HelloWorldExample(string uri)
    {
      _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(uri, AuthTokens.None, o => o.WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
    }

    public void createNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.Session())
      {
         // Run the query in a write transaction
        var greeting = session.WriteTransaction(tx =>
        {
          var result = tx.Run(createNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result
          return result.Consume();
        });

        // The output will look like this:
        //   ResultSummary{Query=`CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample".....
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }

    public void retrieveNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.Session())
      {
        // Run the query in a read transaction
        var greeting = session.ReadTransaction(tx =>
        {
          var result = tx.Run(readNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result. Read the single node
          // created in a previous step.
          return result.Single()[0].As<string>();
        });
        // The output will look like this:
        //   HelloWorldExample
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
      Dispose(true);
      GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
      if (_disposed)
        return;
      if (disposing)
      {
        _driver?.Dispose();
      }
      _disposed = true;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
      using (var apiCaller = new HelloWorldExample(url))
      {
        apiCaller.createNode();
        apiCaller.retrieveNode();
      }
    }
  }
}

A Java openCypher query example using Bolt with IAM authentication

The Java code below shows how to make openCypher queries in Java using Bolt with IAM authentication. The JavaDoc comment describes its usage. Once a driver instance is available, you can use it to make multiple authenticated requests.

package software.amazon.neptune.bolt;

import com.amazonaws.DefaultRequest;
import com.amazonaws.Request;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWS4Signer;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentialsProvider;
import com.amazonaws.http.HttpMethodName;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NonNull;
import org.neo4j.driver.Value;
import org.neo4j.driver.Values;
import org.neo4j.driver.internal.security.InternalAuthToken;
import org.neo4j.driver.internal.value.StringValue;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.AUTHORIZATION;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.HOST;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.X_AMZ_DATE;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN;

/**
 * Use this class instead of `AuthTokens.basic` when working with an IAM
 * auth-enabled server. It works the same as `AuthTokens.basic` when using
 * static credentials, and avoids making requests with an expired signature
 * when using temporary credentials. Internally, it generates a new signature
 * on every invocation (this may change in a future implementation).
 *
 * Note that authentication happens only the first time for a pooled connection.
 *
 * Typical usage:
 *
 * NeptuneAuthToken authToken = NeptuneAuthToken.builder()
 *     .credentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
 *     .region("aws region")
 *     .url("cluster endpoint url")
 *     .build();
 *
 * Driver driver = GraphDatabase.driver(
 *     authToken.getUrl(),
 *     authToken,
 *     config
 * );
 */

public class NeptuneAuthToken extends InternalAuthToken {
  private static final String SCHEME = "basic";
  private static final String REALM = "realm";
  private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "neptune-db";
  private static final String HTTP_METHOD_HDR = "HttpMethod";
  private static final String DUMMY_USERNAME = "username";
  @NonNull
  private final String region;
  @NonNull
  @Getter
  private final String url;
  @NonNull
  private final AWSCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider;
  private final Gson gson = new Gson();

  @Builder
  private NeptuneAuthToken(
      @NonNull final String region,
      @NonNull final String url,
      @NonNull final AWSCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider
  ) {
      // The superclass caches the result of toMap(), which we don't want
      super(Collections.emptyMap());
      this.region = region;
      this.url = url;
      this.credentialsProvider = credentialsProvider;
  }

  @Override
  public Map<String, Value> toMap() {
    final Map<String, Value> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put(SCHEME_KEY, Values.value(SCHEME));
    map.put(PRINCIPAL_KEY, Values.value(DUMMY_USERNAME));
    map.put(CREDENTIALS_KEY, new StringValue(getSignedHeader()));
    map.put(REALM_KEY, Values.value(REALM));

    return map;
  }

  private String getSignedHeader() {
    final Request<Void> request = new DefaultRequest<>(SERVICE_NAME);
    request.setHttpMethod(HttpMethodName.GET);
    request.setEndpoint(URI.create(url));
    // Comment out the following line if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    request.setResourcePath("/opencypher");

    final AWS4Signer signer = new AWS4Signer();
    signer.setRegionName(region);
    signer.setServiceName(request.getServiceName());
    signer.sign(request, credentialsProvider.getCredentials());

    return getAuthInfoJson(request);
  }

  private String getAuthInfoJson(final Request<Void> request) {
    final Map<String, Object> obj = new HashMap<>();
    obj.put(AUTHORIZATION, request.getHeaders().get(AUTHORIZATION));
    obj.put(HTTP_METHOD_HDR, request.getHttpMethod());
    obj.put(X_AMZ_DATE, request.getHeaders().get(X_AMZ_DATE));
    obj.put(HOST, request.getHeaders().get(HOST));
    obj.put(X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN, request.getHeaders().get(X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN));

    return gson.toJson(obj);
  }
}

A Python openCypher query example using Bolt with IAM authentication

The Python class below lets you make openCypher queries in Python using Bolt with IAM authentication:

import json

from neo4j import Auth
from botocore.awsrequest import AWSRequest
from botocore.credentials import Credentials
from botocore.auth import (
  SigV4Auth,
  _host_from_url,
)

SCHEME = "basic"
REALM = "realm"
SERVICE_NAME = "neptune-db"
DUMMY_USERNAME = "username"
HTTP_METHOD_HDR = "HttpMethod"
HTTP_METHOD = "GET"
AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization"
X_AMZ_DATE = "X-Amz-Date"
X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN = "X-Amz-Security-Token"
HOST = "Host"


class NeptuneAuthToken(Auth):
  def __init__(
    self,
    credentials: Credentials,
    region: str,
    url: str,
    **parameters
  ):
    # Do NOT add "/opencypher" in the line below if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    request = AWSRequest(method=HTTP_METHOD, url=url + "/opencypher")
    request.headers.add_header("Host", _host_from_url(request.url))
    sigv4 = SigV4Auth(credentials, SERVICE_NAME, region)
    sigv4.add_auth(request)

    auth_obj = {
      hdr: request.headers[hdr]
      for hdr in [AUTHORIZATION, X_AMZ_DATE, X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN, HOST]
    }
    auth_obj[HTTP_METHOD_HDR] = request.method
    creds: str = json.dumps(auth_obj)
    super().__init__(SCHEME, DUMMY_USERNAME, creds, REALM, **parameters)

You use this class to create a driver as follows:

  authToken = NeptuneAuthToken(creds, REGION, URL)
  driver = GraphDatabase.driver(URL, auth=authToken, encrypted=True)

A Node.js example using IAM authentication and Bolt

The Node.js code below uses the Amazon SDK for JavaScript version 3 and ES6 syntax to create a driver that authenticates requests:

import neo4j from "neo4j-driver";
import { HttpRequest }  from "@aws-sdk/protocol-http";
import { defaultProvider } from "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-node";
import { SignatureV4 } from "@aws-sdk/signature-v4";
import crypto from "@aws-crypto/sha256-js";
const { Sha256 } = crypto;
import assert from "node:assert";

const region = "us-west-2";
const serviceName = "neptune-db";
const host = "(your cluster endpoint URL)";
const port = 8182;
const protocol = "bolt";
const hostPort = host + ":" + port;
const url = protocol + "://" + hostPort;
const createQuery = "CREATE (n:Greeting {message: 'Hello'}) RETURN ID(n)";
const readQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) WHERE ID(n) = $id RETURN n.message";

async function signedHeader() {
  const req = new HttpRequest({
    method: "GET",
    protocol: protocol,
    hostname: host,
    port: port,
    // Comment out the following line if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    path: "/opencypher",
    headers: {
      host: hostPort
    }
  });

  const signer = new SignatureV4({
    credentials: defaultProvider(),
    region: region,
    service: serviceName,
    sha256: Sha256
  });

  return signer.sign(req, { unsignableHeaders: new Set(["x-amz-content-sha256"]) })
    .then((signedRequest) => {
      const authInfo = {
        "Authorization": signedRequest.headers["authorization"],
        "HttpMethod": signedRequest.method,
        "X-Amz-Date": signedRequest.headers["x-amz-date"],
        "Host": signedRequest.headers["host"],
        "X-Amz-Security-Token": signedRequest.headers["x-amz-security-token"]
      };
      return JSON.stringify(authInfo);
    });
}

async function createDriver() {
  let authToken = { scheme: "basic", realm: "realm", principal: "username", credentials: await signedHeader() };

  return neo4j.driver(url, authToken, {
      encrypted: "ENCRYPTION_ON",
      trust: "TRUST_SYSTEM_CA_SIGNED_CERTIFICATES",
      maxConnectionPoolSize: 1,
      // logging: neo4j.logging.console("debug")
    }
  );
}

function unmanagedTxn(driver) {
  const session = driver.session();
  const tx = session.beginTransaction();
  tx.run(createQuery)
  .then((res) => {
    const id = res.records[0].get(0);
    return tx.run(readQuery, { id: id });
  })
  .then((res) => {
    // All good, the transaction will be committed
    const msg = res.records[0].get("n.message");
    assert.equal(msg, "Hello");
  })
  .catch(err => {
    // The transaction will be rolled back, now handle the error.
    console.log(err);
  })
  .then(() => session.close());
}

createDriver()
.then((driver) => {
  unmanagedTxn(driver);
  driver.close();
})
.catch((err) => {
  console.log(err);
});

A .NET openCypher query example using Bolt with IAM authentication

To enable IAM authentication in .NET, you need to sign a request when establishing the connection. The example below shows how to create a NeptuneAuthToken helper to generate an authentication token:

using Amazon.Runtime;
using Amazon.Util;
using Neo4j.Driver;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Web;

namespace Hello
{
  /*
   * Use this class instead of `AuthTokens.None` when working with an IAM-auth-enabled server.
   *
   * Note that authentication happens only the first time for a pooled connection.
   *
   * Typical usage:
   *
   * var authToken = new NeptuneAuthToken(AccessKey, SecretKey, Region).GetAuthToken(Host);
   * _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(Url, authToken, o => o.WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
   */

  public class NeptuneAuthToken
  {
    private const string ServiceName = "neptune-db";
    private const string Scheme = "basic";
    private const string Realm = "realm";
    private const string DummyUserName = "username";
    private const string Algorithm = "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256";
    private const string AWSRequest = "aws4_request";

    private readonly string _accessKey;
    private readonly string _secretKey;
    private readonly string _region;

    private readonly string _emptyPayloadHash;

    private readonly SHA256 _sha256;


    public NeptuneAuthToken(string awsKey = null, string secretKey = null, string region = null)
    {
      var awsCredentials = awsKey == null || secretKey == null
        ? FallbackCredentialsFactory.GetCredentials().GetCredentials()
        : null;

      _accessKey = awsKey ?? awsCredentials.AccessKey;
      _secretKey = secretKey ?? awsCredentials.SecretKey;
      _region = region ?? FallbackRegionFactory.GetRegionEndpoint().SystemName; //ex: us-east-1

      _sha256 = SHA256.Create();
      _emptyPayloadHash = Hash(Array.Empty<byte>());
    }

    public IAuthToken GetAuthToken(string url)
    {
      return AuthTokens.Custom(DummyUserName, GetCredentials(url), Realm, Scheme);
    }

    /******************** AWS SIGNING FUNCTIONS *********************/
    private string Hash(byte[] bytesToHash)
    {
      return ToHexString(_sha256.ComputeHash(bytesToHash));
    }

    private static byte[] HmacSHA256(byte[] key, string data)
    {
      return new HMACSHA256(key).ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data));
    }

    private byte[] GetSignatureKey(string dateStamp)
    {
      var kSecret = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"AWS4{_secretKey}");
      var kDate = HmacSHA256(kSecret, dateStamp);
      var kRegion = HmacSHA256(kDate, _region);
      var kService = HmacSHA256(kRegion, ServiceName);
      return HmacSHA256(kService, AWSRequest);
    }

    private static string ToHexString(byte[] array)
    {
      return Convert.ToHexString(array).ToLowerInvariant();
    }

    private string GetCredentials(string url)
    {
      var request = new HttpRequestMessage
      {
        Method = HttpMethod.Get,
        RequestUri = new Uri($"https://{url}/opencypher")
      };

      var signedrequest = Sign(request);

      var headers = new Dictionary<string, object>
      {
        [HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
        ["HttpMethod"] = HttpMethod.Get.ToString(),
        [HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
        // Host should be capitalized, not like in Amazon.Util.HeaderKeys.HostHeader
        ["Host"] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.HostHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
      };

      return JsonSerializer.Serialize(headers);
    }

    private HttpRequestMessage Sign(HttpRequestMessage request)
    {
      var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
      var amzdate = now.ToString("yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ");
      var datestamp = now.ToString("yyyyMMdd");

      if (request.Headers.Host == null)
      {
        request.Headers.Host = $"{request.RequestUri.Host}:{request.RequestUri.Port}";
      }

      request.Headers.Add(HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader, amzdate);

      var canonicalQueryParams = GetCanonicalQueryParams(request);

      var canonicalRequest = new StringBuilder();
      canonicalRequest.Append(request.Method + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(request.RequestUri.AbsolutePath + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(canonicalQueryParams + "\n");

      var signedHeadersList = new List<string>();
      foreach (var header in request.Headers.OrderBy(a => a.Key.ToLowerInvariant()))
      {
        canonicalRequest.Append(header.Key.ToLowerInvariant());
        canonicalRequest.Append(':');
        canonicalRequest.Append(string.Join(",", header.Value.Select(s => s.Trim())));
        canonicalRequest.Append('\n');
        signedHeadersList.Add(header.Key.ToLowerInvariant());
      }
      canonicalRequest.Append('\n');

      var signedHeaders = string.Join(";", signedHeadersList);
      canonicalRequest.Append(signedHeaders + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(_emptyPayloadHash);

      var credentialScope = $"{datestamp}/{_region}/{ServiceName}/{AWSRequest}";
      var stringToSign = $"{Algorithm}\n{amzdate}\n{credentialScope}\n"
        + Hash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(canonicalRequest.ToString()));

      var signing_key = GetSignatureKey(datestamp);
      var signature = ToHexString(HmacSHA256(signing_key, stringToSign));

      request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader,
        $"{Algorithm} Credential={_accessKey}/{credentialScope}, SignedHeaders={signedHeaders}, Signature={signature}");

      return request;
    }

    private static string GetCanonicalQueryParams(HttpRequestMessage request)
    {
      var querystring = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(request.RequestUri.Query);

      // Query params must be escaped in upper case (i.e. "%2C", not "%2c").
      var queryParams = querystring.AllKeys.OrderBy(a => a)
        .Select(key => $"{key}={Uri.EscapeDataString(querystring[key])}");
      return string.Join("&", queryParams);
    }
  }
}

Here is how to make an openCypher query in .NET using Bolt with IAM authentication. The example below uses the NeptuneAuthToken helper:

using Neo4j.Driver;

namespace Hello
{
  public class HelloWorldExample
  {
    private const string Host = "(your hostname):8182";
    private const string Url = $"bolt://{Host}";
    private const string CreateNodeQuery = "CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample'";
    private const string ReadNodeQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) RETURN n.message";

    private const string AccessKey = "(your access key)";
    private const string SecretKey = "(your secret key)";
    private const string Region = "(your Amazon region)"; // e.g. "us-west-2"

    private readonly IDriver _driver;

    public HelloWorldExample()
    {
      var authToken = new NeptuneAuthToken(AccessKey, SecretKey, Region).GetAuthToken(Host);

      // Note that when the connection is reinitialized after max connection lifetime
      // has been reached, the signature token could have already been expired (usually 5 min)
      // You can face exceptions like:
      //   `Unexpected server exception 'Signature expired: XXXX is now earlier than YYYY (ZZZZ - 5 min.)`
      _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(Url, authToken, o =>
                o.WithMaxConnectionLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(60)).WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
    }

    public async Task CreateNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.AsyncSession())
      {
        // Run the query in a write transaction
        var greeting = await session.WriteTransactionAsync(async tx =>
        {
          var result = await tx.RunAsync(CreateNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result
          return await result.ConsumeAsync();
        });

        // The output will look like this:
        //   ResultSummary{Query=`CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample".....
        Console.WriteLine(greeting.Query);
      }
    }

    public async Task RetrieveNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.AsyncSession())
      {
        // Run the query in a read transaction
        var greeting = await session.ReadTransactionAsync(async tx =>
        {
          var result = await tx.RunAsync(ReadNodeQuery);
          var records = await result.ToListAsync();

          // Consume the result. Read the single node
          // created in a previous step.
          return records[0].Values.First().Value;
        });
        // The output will look like this:
        //   HelloWorldExample
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }
  }
}

This example can be launched by running the code below on .NET 6 or .NET 7 with the following packages:

namespace Hello
{
  class Program
  {
    static async Task Main()
    {
      var apiCaller = new HelloWorldExample();

      await apiCaller.CreateNode();
      await apiCaller.RetrieveNode();
    }
  }
}

A Golang openCypher query example using Bolt with IAM authentication

The Golang package below shows how to make openCypher queries in the Go language using Bolt with IAM authentication:

package main

import (
  "context"
  "encoding/json"
  "fmt"
  "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
  "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/signer/v4"
  "github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j"
  "log"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "time"
)

const (
  ServiceName   = "neptune-db"
  DummyUsername = "username"
)

// Find node by id using Go driver
func findNode(ctx context.Context, region string, hostAndPort string, nodeId string) (string, error) {
  req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://"+hostAndPort+"/opencypher", nil)

  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating request, %v", err)
  }

  // credentials must have been exported as environment variables
  signer := v4.NewSigner(credentials.NewEnvCredentials())
  _, err = signer.Sign(req, nil, ServiceName, region, time.Now())

  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error signing request: %v", err)
  }

  hdrs := []string{"Authorization", "X-Amz-Date", "X-Amz-Security-Token"}
  hdrMap := make(map[string]string)
  for _, h := range hdrs {
    hdrMap[h] = req.Header.Get(h)
  }

  hdrMap["Host"] = req.Host
  hdrMap["HttpMethod"] = req.Method

  password, err := json.Marshal(hdrMap)
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating JSON, %v", err)
  }
  authToken := neo4j.BasicAuth(DummyUsername, string(password), "")
  // +s enables encryption with a full certificate check
  // Use +ssc to disable client side TLS verification
  driver, err := neo4j.NewDriverWithContext("bolt+s://"+hostAndPort+"/opencypher", authToken)
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating driver, %v", err)
  }

  defer driver.Close(ctx)

  if err := driver.VerifyConnectivity(ctx); err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("failed to verify connection, %v", err)
  }

  config := neo4j.SessionConfig{}

  session := driver.NewSession(ctx, config)
  defer session.Close(ctx)

  result, err := session.Run(
    ctx,
    fmt.Sprintf("MATCH (n) WHERE ID(n) = '%s' RETURN n", nodeId),
    map[string]any{},
  )
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error running query, %v", err)
  }

  if !result.Next(ctx) {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("node not found")
  }

  n, found := result.Record().Get("n")
  if !found {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("node not found")
  }

  return fmt.Sprintf("+%v\n", n), nil
}

func main() {
  if len(os.Args) < 3 {
    log.Fatal("Usage: go main.go (region) (host and port)")
  }
  region := os.Args[1]
  hostAndPort := os.Args[2]
  ctx := context.Background()

  res, err := findNode(ctx, region, hostAndPort, "72c2e8c1-7d5f-5f30-10ca-9d2bb8c4afbc")
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(res)
}

Bolt connection behavior in Neptune

Here are some things to keep in mind about Neptune Bolt connections: