Compound sort key - Amazon Redshift
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Compound sort key

A compound key is made up of all of the columns listed in the sort key definition, in the order they are listed. A compound sort key is most useful when a query's filter applies conditions, such as filters and joins, that use a prefix of the sort keys. The performance benefits of compound sorting decrease when queries depend only on secondary sort columns, without referencing the primary columns. COMPOUND is the default sort type.

Compound sort keys might speed up joins, GROUP BY and ORDER BY operations, and window functions that use PARTITION BY and ORDER BY. For example, a merge join, which is often faster than a hash join, is feasible when the data is distributed and presorted on the joining columns. Compound sort keys also help improve compression.

As you add rows to a sorted table that already contains data, the unsorted region grows, which has a significant effect on performance. The effect is greater when the table uses interleaved sorting, especially when the sort columns include data that increases monotonically, such as date or timestamp columns. Run a VACUUM operation regularly, especially after large data loads, to re-sort and re-analyze the data. For more information, see Reduce the size of the unsorted region. After vacuuming to resort the data, it's a good practice to run an ANALYZE command to update the statistical metadata for the query planner. For more information, see Analyzing tables.