Aurora examples using SDK for C++ - Amazon SDK for C++
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Aurora examples using SDK for C++

The following code examples show you how to perform actions and implement common scenarios by using the Amazon SDK for C++ with Aurora.

Actions are code excerpts from larger programs and must be run in context. While actions show you how to call individual service functions, you can see actions in context in their related scenarios and cross-service examples.

Scenarios are code examples that show you how to accomplish a specific task by calling multiple functions within the same service.

Each example includes a link to GitHub, where you can find instructions on how to set up and run the code in context.

Get started

The following code examples show how to get started using Aurora.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository.

Code for the CMakeLists.txt CMake file.

# Set the minimum required version of CMake for this project.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)

# Set the AWS service components used by this project.
set(SERVICE_COMPONENTS rds)

# Set this project's name.
project("hello_aurora")

# Set the C++ standard to use to build this target.
# At least C++ 11 is required for the AWS SDK for C++.
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

# Use the MSVC variable to determine if this is a Windows build.
set(WINDOWS_BUILD ${MSVC})

if (WINDOWS_BUILD) # Set the location where CMake can find the installed libraries for the AWS SDK.
    string(REPLACE ";" "/aws-cpp-sdk-all;" SYSTEM_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_PATH}/aws-cpp-sdk-all")
    list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${SYSTEM_MODULE_PATH})
endif ()

# Find the AWS SDK for C++ package.
find_package(AWSSDK REQUIRED COMPONENTS ${SERVICE_COMPONENTS})

if (WINDOWS_BUILD AND AWSSDK_INSTALL_AS_SHARED_LIBS)
     # Copy relevant AWS SDK for C++ libraries into the current binary directory for running and debugging.

     # set(BIN_SUB_DIR "/Debug") # If you are building from the command line, you may need to uncomment this 
                                    # and set the proper subdirectory to the executables' location.

     AWSSDK_CPY_DYN_LIBS(SERVICE_COMPONENTS "" ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}${BIN_SUB_DIR})
endif ()

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
        hello_aurora.cpp)

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
        ${AWSSDK_LINK_LIBRARIES})

Code for the hello_aurora.cpp source file.

#include <aws/core/Aws.h>
#include <aws/rds/RDSClient.h>
#include <aws/rds/model/DescribeDBClustersRequest.h>
#include <iostream>

/*
 *  A "Hello Aurora" starter application which initializes an Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) client
 *  and describes the Amazon Aurora (Aurora) clusters.
 *
 *  main function
 *
 *  Usage: 'hello_aurora'
 *
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    Aws::SDKOptions options;
    // Optionally change the log level for debugging.
//   options.loggingOptions.logLevel = Utils::Logging::LogLevel::Debug;
    Aws::InitAPI(options); // Should only be called once.
    int result = 0;
    {
        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

        Aws::RDS::RDSClient rdsClient(clientConfig);

        Aws::String marker; // Used for pagination.
        std::vector<Aws::String> clusterIds;
        do {
            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersRequest request;

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersOutcome outcome =
                    rdsClient.DescribeDBClusters(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                for (auto &cluster: outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusters()) {
                    clusterIds.push_back(cluster.GetDBClusterIdentifier());
                }
                marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
            } else {
                result = 1;
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::GDescribeDBClusters. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                break;
            }
        } while (!marker.empty());

        std::cout << clusterIds.size() << " Aurora clusters found." << std::endl;
        for (auto &clusterId: clusterIds) {
            std::cout << "  clusterId " << clusterId << std::endl;
        }
    }

    Aws::ShutdownAPI(options); // Should only be called once.
    return 0;
}

Actions

The following code example shows how to use CreateDBCluster.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetEngine(engineName);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersionName);
        request.SetMasterUsername(administratorName);
        request.SetMasterUserPassword(administratorPassword);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBCluster(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBCluster. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
            return false;
        }

  • For API details, see CreateDBCluster in Amazon SDK for C++ API Reference.

The following code example shows how to use CreateDBClusterParameterGroup.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily);
        request.SetDescription("Example cluster parameter group.");

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster parameter group was successfully created."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

The following code example shows how to use CreateDBClusterSnapshot.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterSnapshotRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
            request.SetDBClusterSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterSnapshotOutcome outcome =
                    client.CreateDBClusterSnapshot(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "Snapshot creation has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBClusterSnapshot. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                 DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

The following code example shows how to use CreateDBInstance.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceRequest request;
        request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetEngine(engineName);
        request.SetDBInstanceClass(dbInstanceClass);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBInstance(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB instance creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBInstance. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "",
                             client);
            return false;
        }

The following code example shows how to use DeleteDBCluster.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(dbClusterIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBCluster(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB cluster deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
                clusterDeleting = true;
                std::cout
                        << "Waiting for DB cluster to delete before deleting the parameter group."
                        << std::endl;
                std::cout << "This may take a while." << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBCluster. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }

  • For API details, see DeleteDBCluster in Amazon SDK for C++ API Reference.

The following code example shows how to use DeleteDBClusterParameterGroup.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(parameterGroupName);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.DeleteDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully deleted."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            result = false;
        }

The following code example shows how to use DeleteDBInstance.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);
            request.SetDeleteAutomatedBackups(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBInstance(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB instance deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
                instanceDeleting = true;
                std::cout
                        << "Waiting for DB instance to delete before deleting the parameter group."
                        << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBInstance. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBClusterParameterGroups.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroupsRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroupsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBClusterParameterGroups(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "DB cluster parameter group named '" <<
                      CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' already exists." << std::endl;
            dbParameterGroupFamily = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusterParameterGroups()[0].GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
        }

        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroups. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBClusterParameters.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets DB parameters using the 'DescribeDBClusterParameters' api.
/*!
 \sa getDBCLusterParameters()
 \param parameterGroupName: The name of the cluster parameter group.
 \param namePrefix: Prefix string to filter results by parameter name.
 \param source: A source such as 'user', ignored if empty.
 \param parametersResult: Vector of 'Parameter' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::getDBCLusterParameters(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                            const Aws::String &namePrefix,
                                            const Aws::String &source,
                                            Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parametersResult,
                                            const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParametersRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }
        if (!source.empty()) {
            request.SetSource(source);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParametersOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBClusterParameters(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parameters =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetParameters();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &parameter: parameters) {
                if (!namePrefix.empty()) {
                    if (parameter.GetParameterName().find(namePrefix) == 0) {
                        parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                }
            }

            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterParameters. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBClusterSnapshots.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterSnapshotsRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterSnapshotsOutcome outcome =
                    client.DescribeDBClusterSnapshots(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                snapshot = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusterSnapshots()[0];
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterSnapshots. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                 DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBClusters.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

//! Routine which gets a DB cluster description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBCluster()
 \param dbClusterIdentifier: A DB cluster identifier.
 \param clusterResult: The 'DBCluster' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::describeDBCluster(const Aws::String &dbClusterIdentifier,
                                       Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster &clusterResult,
                                       const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersRequest request;
    request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(dbClusterIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBClusters(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        clusterResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusters()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_CLUSTER_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::GDescribeDBClusters. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB cluster does not exist.
        // Instead, clusterResult is set to empty.
    else {
        clusterResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster();
    }

    return result;

}

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBEngineVersions.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets available DB engine versions for an engine name and
//! an optional parameter group family.
/*!
 \sa getDBEngineVersions()
 \param engineName: A DB engine name.
 \param parameterGroupFamily: A parameter group family name, ignored if empty.
 \param engineVersionsResult: Vector of 'DBEngineVersion' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::getDBEngineVersions(const Aws::String &engineName,
                                         const Aws::String &parameterGroupFamily,
                                         Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersionsResult,
                                         const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest request;
    request.SetEngine(engineName);
    if (!parameterGroupFamily.empty()) {
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(parameterGroupFamily);
    }

    engineVersionsResult.clear();
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBEngineVersions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersions =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetDBEngineVersions();

            engineVersionsResult.insert(engineVersionsResult.end(),
                                        engineVersions.begin(), engineVersions.end());
            marker  = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}

The following code example shows how to use DescribeDBInstances.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets a DB instance description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBCluster()
 \param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier.
 \param instanceResult: The 'DBInstance' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::describeDBInstance(const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                        Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance &instanceResult,
                                        const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesRequest request;
    request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBInstances(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        instanceResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBInstances()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_INSTANCE_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBInstances. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB instance does not exist.
        // Instead, instanceResult is set to empty.
    else {
        instanceResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
    }

    return result;
}

The following code example shows how to use DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets available DB instance classes, displays the list
//! to the user, and returns the user selection.
/*!
 \sa chooseDBInstanceClass()
 \param engineName: The DB engine name.
 \param engineVersion: The DB engine version.
 \param dbInstanceClass: String for DB instance class chosen by the user.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::chooseDBInstanceClass(const Aws::String &engine,
                                           const Aws::String &engineVersion,
                                           Aws::String &dbInstanceClass,
                                           const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    std::vector<Aws::String> instanceClasses;
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsRequest request;
        request.SetEngine(engine);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption> &options =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetOrderableDBInstanceOptions();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption &option: options) {
                const Aws::String &instanceClass = option.GetDBInstanceClass();
                if (std::find(instanceClasses.begin(), instanceClasses.end(),
                              instanceClass) == instanceClasses.end()) {
                    instanceClasses.push_back(instanceClass);
                }
            }
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    std::cout << "The available DB instance classes for your database engine are:"
              << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < instanceClasses.size(); ++i) {
        std::cout << "   " << i + 1 << ": " << instanceClasses[i] << std::endl;
    }

    int choice = askQuestionForIntRange(
            "Which DB instance class do you want to use? ",
            1, static_cast<int>(instanceClasses.size()));
    dbInstanceClass = instanceClasses[choice - 1];
    return true;
}

The following code example shows how to use ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetParameters(updateParameters);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster parameter group was successfully modified."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }

Scenarios

The following code example shows how to:

  • Create a custom Aurora DB cluster parameter group and set parameter values.

  • Create a DB cluster that uses the parameter group.

  • Create a DB instance that contains a database.

  • Take a snapshot of the DB cluster, then clean up resources.

SDK for C++
Note

There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the Amazon Code Examples Repository. 

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

//! Routine which creates an Amazon Aurora DB cluster and demonstrates several operations
//! on that cluster.
/*!
 \sa gettingStartedWithDBClusters()
 \param clientConfiguration: AWS client configuration.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::gettingStartedWithDBClusters(
        const Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration &clientConfig) {
    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Welcome to the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon Aurora)"
              << std::endl;
    std::cout << "get started with DB clusters demo." << std::endl;
    printAsterisksLine();

    std::cout << "Checking for an existing DB cluster parameter group named '" <<
              CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "'." << std::endl;
    Aws::String dbParameterGroupFamily("Undefined");
    bool parameterGroupFound = true;
    {
        // 1. Check if the DB cluster parameter group already exists.
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroupsRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroupsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBClusterParameterGroups(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "DB cluster parameter group named '" <<
                      CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' already exists." << std::endl;
            dbParameterGroupFamily = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusterParameterGroups()[0].GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
        }
        else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() ==
                 Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_PARAMETER_GROUP_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
            std::cout << "DB cluster parameter group named '" <<
                      CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' does not exist." << std::endl;
            parameterGroupFound = false;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterParameterGroups. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (!parameterGroupFound) {
        Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> engineVersions;

        // 2. Get available parameter group families for the specified engine.
        if (!getDBEngineVersions(DB_ENGINE, NO_PARAMETER_GROUP_FAMILY,
                                 engineVersions, client)) {
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "Getting available parameter group families for " << DB_ENGINE
                  << "."
                  << std::endl;
        std::vector<Aws::String> families;
        for (const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion &version: engineVersions) {
            Aws::String family = version.GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
            if (std::find(families.begin(), families.end(), family) ==
                families.end()) {
                families.push_back(family);
                std::cout << "  " << families.size() << ": " << family << std::endl;
            }
        }

        int choice = askQuestionForIntRange("Which family do you want to use? ", 1,
                                            static_cast<int>(families.size()));
        dbParameterGroupFamily = families[choice - 1];
    }
    if (!parameterGroupFound) {
        // 3.  Create a DB cluster parameter group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily);
        request.SetDescription("Example cluster parameter group.");

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster parameter group was successfully created."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Let's set some parameter values in your cluster parameter group."
              << std::endl;

    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> autoIncrementParameters;
    // 4.  Get the parameters in the DB cluster parameter group.
    if (!getDBCLusterParameters(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, AUTO_INCREMENT_PREFIX,
                                NO_SOURCE,
                                autoIncrementParameters,
                                client)) {
        cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
        return false;
    }

    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> updateParameters;

    for (Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &autoIncParameter: autoIncrementParameters) {
        if (autoIncParameter.GetIsModifiable() &&
            (autoIncParameter.GetDataType() == "integer")) {
            std::cout << "The " << autoIncParameter.GetParameterName()
                      << " is described as: " <<
                      autoIncParameter.GetDescription() << "." << std::endl;
            if (autoIncParameter.ParameterValueHasBeenSet()) {
                std::cout << "The current value is "
                          << autoIncParameter.GetParameterValue()
                          << "." << std::endl;
            }
            std::vector<int> splitValues = splitToInts(
                    autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues(), '-');
            if (splitValues.size() == 2) {
                int newValue = askQuestionForIntRange(
                        Aws::String("Enter a new value between ") +
                        autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues() + ": ",
                        splitValues[0], splitValues[1]);
                autoIncParameter.SetParameterValue(std::to_string(newValue));
                updateParameters.push_back(autoIncParameter);

            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error parsing " << autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues()
                          << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

    {
        // 5.  Modify the auto increment parameters in the DB cluster parameter group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetParameters(updateParameters);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster parameter group was successfully modified."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }
    }

    std::cout
            << "You can get a list of parameters you've set by specifying a source of 'user'."
            << std::endl;

    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> userParameters;
    // 6.  Display the modified parameters in the DB cluster parameter group.
    if (!getDBCLusterParameters(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, NO_NAME_PREFIX, "user",
                                userParameters,
                                client)) {
        cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
        return false;
    }

    for (const auto &userParameter: userParameters) {
        std::cout << "  " << userParameter.GetParameterName() << ", " <<
                  userParameter.GetDescription() << ", parameter value - "
                  << userParameter.GetParameterValue() << std::endl;
    }

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Checking for an existing DB Cluster." << std::endl;

    Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster dbCluster;
    // 7.  Check if the DB cluster already exists.
    if (!describeDBCluster(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, dbCluster, client)) {
        cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
        return false;
    }

    Aws::String engineVersionName;
    Aws::String engineName;
    if (dbCluster.DBClusterIdentifierHasBeenSet()) {
        std::cout << "The DB cluster already exists." << std::endl;
        engineVersionName = dbCluster.GetEngineVersion();
        engineName = dbCluster.GetEngine();

    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Let's create a DB cluster." << std::endl;
        const Aws::String administratorName = askQuestion(
                "Enter an administrator username for the database: ");
        const Aws::String administratorPassword = askQuestion(
                "Enter a password for the administrator (at least 8 characters): ");
        Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> engineVersions;

        // 8.  Get a list of engine versions for the parameter group family.
        if (!getDBEngineVersions(DB_ENGINE, dbParameterGroupFamily, engineVersions,
                                 client)) {
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "The available engines for your parameter group family are:"
                  << std::endl;

        int index = 1;
        for (const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion &engineVersion: engineVersions) {
            std::cout << "  " << index << ": " << engineVersion.GetEngineVersion()
                      << std::endl;
            ++index;
        }
        int choice = askQuestionForIntRange("Which engine do you want to use? ", 1,
                                            static_cast<int>(engineVersions.size()));
        const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion engineVersion = engineVersions[choice -
                                                                              1];

        engineName = engineVersion.GetEngine();
        engineVersionName = engineVersion.GetEngineVersion();
        std::cout << "Creating a DB cluster named '" << DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER
                  << "' and database '" << DB_NAME << "'.\n"
                  << "The DB cluster is configured to use your custom cluster parameter group '"
                  << CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "', and \n"
                  << "selected engine version " << engineVersion.GetEngineVersion()
                  << ".\nThis typically takes several minutes." << std::endl;

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetEngine(engineName);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersionName);
        request.SetMasterUsername(administratorName);
        request.SetMasterUserPassword(administratorPassword);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBCluster(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB cluster creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBCluster. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", "", client);
            return false;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "Waiting for the DB cluster to become available." << std::endl;

    int counter = 0;
    // 11. Wait for the DB cluster to become available.
    do {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
        ++counter;
        if (counter > 900) {
            std::cerr << "Wait for cluster to become available timed out ofter "
                      << counter
                      << " seconds." << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                             DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "", client);
            return false;
        }

        dbCluster = Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster();
        if (!describeDBCluster(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, dbCluster, client)) {
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                             DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "", client);
            return false;
        }

        if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
            std::cout << "Current DB cluster status is '"
                      << dbCluster.GetStatus()
                      << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
        }
    } while (dbCluster.GetStatus() != "available");

    if (dbCluster.GetStatus() == "available") {
        std::cout << "The DB cluster has been created." << std::endl;
    }

    printAsterisksLine();
    Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance dbInstance;
    // 11.  Check if the DB instance already exists.
    if (!describeDBInstance(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, dbInstance, client)) {
        cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "",
                         client);
        return false;
    }

    if (dbInstance.DbInstancePortHasBeenSet()) {
        std::cout << "The DB instance already exists." << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Let's create a DB instance." << std::endl;

        Aws::String dbInstanceClass;
        // 12.  Get a list of instance classes.
        if (!chooseDBInstanceClass(engineName,
                                   engineVersionName,
                                   dbInstanceClass,
                                   client)) {
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "",
                             client);
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "Creating a DB instance named '" << DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER
                  << "' with selected DB instance class '" << dbInstanceClass
                  << "'.\nThis typically takes several minutes." << std::endl;

        // 13. Create a DB instance.
        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceRequest request;
        request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetEngine(engineName);
        request.SetDBInstanceClass(dbInstanceClass);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBInstance(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB instance creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBInstance. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, "",
                             client);
            return false;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "Waiting for the DB instance to become available." << std::endl;

    counter = 0;
    // 14. Wait for the DB instance to become available.
    do {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
        ++counter;
        if (counter > 900) {
            std::cerr << "Wait for instance to become available timed out ofter "
                      << counter
                      << " seconds." << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                             DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
            return false;
        }

        dbInstance = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
        if (!describeDBInstance(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, dbInstance, client)) {
            cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                             DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
            return false;
        }

        if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
            std::cout << "Current DB instance status is '"
                      << dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus()
                      << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
        }
    } while (dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus() != "available");

    if (dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus() == "available") {
        std::cout << "The DB instance has been created." << std::endl;
    }

    // 15. Display the connection string that can be used to connect a 'mysql' shell to the database.
    displayConnection(dbCluster);

    printAsterisksLine();

    if (askYesNoQuestion(
            "Do you want to create a snapshot of your DB cluster (y/n)? ")) {
        Aws::String snapshotID(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER + "-" +
                               Aws::String(Aws::Utils::UUID::RandomUUID()));
        {
            std::cout << "Creating a snapshot named " << snapshotID << "." << std::endl;
            std::cout << "This typically takes a few minutes." << std::endl;

            // 16. Create a snapshot of the DB cluster. (CreateDBClusterSnapshot)
            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterSnapshotRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER);
            request.SetDBClusterSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBClusterSnapshotOutcome outcome =
                    client.CreateDBClusterSnapshot(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "Snapshot creation has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::CreateDBClusterSnapshot. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                 DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }
        }

        std::cout << "Waiting for the snapshot to become available." << std::endl;

        Aws::RDS::Model::DBClusterSnapshot snapshot;
        counter = 0;
        do {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
            ++counter;
            if (counter > 600) {
                std::cerr << "Wait for snapshot to be available timed out ofter "
                          << counter
                          << " seconds." << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                 DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

            // 17. Wait for the snapshot to become available.
            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterSnapshotsRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterSnapshotsOutcome outcome =
                    client.DescribeDBClusterSnapshots(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                snapshot = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusterSnapshots()[0];
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterSnapshots. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                 DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

            if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
                std::cout << "Current snapshot status is '"
                          << snapshot.GetStatus()
                          << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
            }
        } while (snapshot.GetStatus() != "available");

        if (snapshot.GetStatus() != "available") {
            std::cout << "A snapshot has been created." << std::endl;
        }
    }

    printAsterisksLine();

    bool result = true;
    if (askYesNoQuestion(
            "Do you want to delete the DB cluster, DB instance, and parameter group (y/n)? ")) {
        result = cleanUpResources(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME,
                                  DB_CLUSTER_IDENTIFIER, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER,
                                  client);
    }

    return result;
}

//! Routine which gets a DB cluster description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBCluster()
 \param dbClusterIdentifier: A DB cluster identifier.
 \param clusterResult: The 'DBCluster' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::describeDBCluster(const Aws::String &dbClusterIdentifier,
                                       Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster &clusterResult,
                                       const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersRequest request;
    request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(dbClusterIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClustersOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBClusters(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        clusterResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBClusters()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_CLUSTER_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::GDescribeDBClusters. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB cluster does not exist.
        // Instead, clusterResult is set to empty.
    else {
        clusterResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster();
    }

    return result;

}


//! Routine which gets DB parameters using the 'DescribeDBClusterParameters' api.
/*!
 \sa getDBCLusterParameters()
 \param parameterGroupName: The name of the cluster parameter group.
 \param namePrefix: Prefix string to filter results by parameter name.
 \param source: A source such as 'user', ignored if empty.
 \param parametersResult: Vector of 'Parameter' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::getDBCLusterParameters(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                            const Aws::String &namePrefix,
                                            const Aws::String &source,
                                            Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parametersResult,
                                            const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParametersRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(CLUSTER_PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }
        if (!source.empty()) {
            request.SetSource(source);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBClusterParametersOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBClusterParameters(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parameters =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetParameters();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &parameter: parameters) {
                if (!namePrefix.empty()) {
                    if (parameter.GetParameterName().find(namePrefix) == 0) {
                        parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                }
            }

            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBClusterParameters. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}


//! Routine which gets available DB engine versions for an engine name and
//! an optional parameter group family.
/*!
 \sa getDBEngineVersions()
 \param engineName: A DB engine name.
 \param parameterGroupFamily: A parameter group family name, ignored if empty.
 \param engineVersionsResult: Vector of 'DBEngineVersion' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::getDBEngineVersions(const Aws::String &engineName,
                                         const Aws::String &parameterGroupFamily,
                                         Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersionsResult,
                                         const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest request;
    request.SetEngine(engineName);
    if (!parameterGroupFamily.empty()) {
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(parameterGroupFamily);
    }

    engineVersionsResult.clear();
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBEngineVersions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersions =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetDBEngineVersions();

            engineVersionsResult.insert(engineVersionsResult.end(),
                                        engineVersions.begin(), engineVersions.end());
            marker  = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}


//! Routine which gets a DB instance description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBCluster()
 \param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier.
 \param instanceResult: The 'DBInstance' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::describeDBInstance(const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                        Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance &instanceResult,
                                        const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesRequest request;
    request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBInstances(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        instanceResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBInstances()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_INSTANCE_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeDBInstances. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB instance does not exist.
        // Instead, instanceResult is set to empty.
    else {
        instanceResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
    }

    return result;
}


//! Routine which gets available DB instance classes, displays the list
//! to the user, and returns the user selection.
/*!
 \sa chooseDBInstanceClass()
 \param engineName: The DB engine name.
 \param engineVersion: The DB engine version.
 \param dbInstanceClass: String for DB instance class chosen by the user.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::chooseDBInstanceClass(const Aws::String &engine,
                                           const Aws::String &engineVersion,
                                           Aws::String &dbInstanceClass,
                                           const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    std::vector<Aws::String> instanceClasses;
    Aws::String marker; // The marker is used for pagination.
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsRequest request;
        request.SetEngine(engine);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption> &options =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetOrderableDBInstanceOptions();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption &option: options) {
                const Aws::String &instanceClass = option.GetDBInstanceClass();
                if (std::find(instanceClasses.begin(), instanceClasses.end(),
                              instanceClass) == instanceClasses.end()) {
                    instanceClasses.push_back(instanceClass);
                }
            }
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    std::cout << "The available DB instance classes for your database engine are:"
              << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < instanceClasses.size(); ++i) {
        std::cout << "   " << i + 1 << ": " << instanceClasses[i] << std::endl;
    }

    int choice = askQuestionForIntRange(
            "Which DB instance class do you want to use? ",
            1, static_cast<int>(instanceClasses.size()));
    dbInstanceClass = instanceClasses[choice - 1];
    return true;
}

//! Routine which deletes resources created by the scenario.
/*!
\sa cleanUpResources()
\param parameterGroupName: A parameter group name, this may be empty.
\param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier, this may be empty.
\param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
\return bool: Successful completion.
*/
bool AwsDoc::Aurora::cleanUpResources(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                      const Aws::String &dbClusterIdentifier,
                                      const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                      const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    bool result = true;
    bool instanceDeleting = false;
    bool clusterDeleting = false;
    if (!dbInstanceIdentifier.empty()) {
        {
            // 18. Delete the DB instance.
            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);
            request.SetDeleteAutomatedBackups(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBInstance(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB instance deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
                instanceDeleting = true;
                std::cout
                        << "Waiting for DB instance to delete before deleting the parameter group."
                        << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBInstance. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!dbClusterIdentifier.empty()) {
        {
            // 19. Delete the DB cluster.
            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterRequest request;
            request.SetDBClusterIdentifier(dbClusterIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBCluster(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB cluster deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
                clusterDeleting = true;
                std::cout
                        << "Waiting for DB cluster to delete before deleting the parameter group."
                        << std::endl;
                std::cout << "This may take a while." << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBCluster. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }
        }
    }
    int counter = 0;

    while (clusterDeleting || instanceDeleting) {
        // 20. Wait for the DB cluster and instance to be deleted.
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
        ++counter;
        if (counter > 800) {
            std::cerr << "Wait for instance to delete timed out ofter " << counter
                      << " seconds." << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance dbInstance = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
        if (instanceDeleting) {
            if (!describeDBInstance(dbInstanceIdentifier, dbInstance, client)) {
                return false;
            }
            instanceDeleting = dbInstance.DBInstanceIdentifierHasBeenSet();
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster dbCluster = Aws::RDS::Model::DBCluster();
        if (clusterDeleting) {
            if (!describeDBCluster(dbClusterIdentifier, dbCluster, client)) {
                return false;
            }

            clusterDeleting = dbCluster.DBClusterIdentifierHasBeenSet();
        }

        if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
            if (instanceDeleting) {
                std::cout << "Current DB instance status is '"
                          << dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus() << "." << std::endl;
            }

            if (clusterDeleting) {
                std::cout << "Current DB cluster status is '"
                          << dbCluster.GetStatus() << "." << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!parameterGroupName.empty()) {
        // 21. Delete the DB cluster parameter group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBClusterParameterGroupName(parameterGroupName);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.DeleteDBClusterParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully deleted."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with Aurora::DeleteDBClusterParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            result = false;
        }
    }

    return result;
}