Using the Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat platform
This topic describes how to configure, build, and run your Java applications that run on the Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat platform.
The Amazon Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat platform is a set of platform versions for Java web applications that can run in a Tomcat web container. Tomcat runs behind an nginx proxy server. Each platform branch corresponds to a major version of Tomcat.
Configuration options are available in the Elastic Beanstalk console for modifying the configuration of a running environment. To avoid losing your environment's configuration when you terminate it, you can use saved configurations to save your settings and later apply them to another environment.
To save settings in your source code, you can include configuration files. Settings in configuration files are applied every time you create an environment or deploy your application. You can also use configuration files to install packages, run scripts, and perform other instance customization operations during deployments.
The Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat platform includes a reverse proxy that forwards requests to your application. You can use configuration options to configure the proxy server to serve static assets from a folder in your source code to reduce the load on your application. For advanced scenarios, you can include your own .conf files in your source bundle to extend the Elastic Beanstalk proxy configuration or overwrite it completely.
Note
Elastic Beanstalk supports nginx
On July 18,2022, Elastic Beanstalk set the status of all platform branches based on Amazon Linux AMI (AL1) to retired. For more information about migrating to a current and fully supported Amazon Linux 2023 platform branch, see Migrating your Elastic Beanstalk Linux application to Amazon Linux 2023 or Amazon Linux 2.
You must package Java applications in a web application archive (WAR) file with a specific structure. For information on the required structure and how it relates to the structure of your project directory, see Structuring your project folder.
To run multiple applications on the same web server, you can bundle multiple WAR files into a single source
bundle. Each application in a multiple WAR source bundle runs at the root path
(ROOT.war
runs at
) or at a path directly
beneath it (myapp
.elasticbeanstalk.com/app2.war
runs at
),
as determined by the name of the WAR. In a single WAR source bundle, the application always runs
at the root path.myapp
.elasticbeanstalk.com/app2
/
Settings applied in the Elastic Beanstalk console override the same settings in configuration files, if they exist. This lets you have default settings in configuration files, and override them with environment-specific settings in the console. For more information about precedence, and other methods of changing settings, see Configuration options.
For details about the various ways you can extend an Elastic Beanstalk Linux-based platform, see Extending Elastic Beanstalk Linux platforms.
Topics
Configuring your Tomcat environment
The Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat platform provides a few platform-specific options in addition to the standard options that all platforms have. These options enable you to configure the Java virtual machine (JVM) that runs on your environment's web servers, and define system properties that provide information configuration strings to your application.
You can use the Elastic Beanstalk console to enable log rotation to Amazon S3 and configure variables that your application can read from the environment.
To configure your Tomcat environment in the Elastic Beanstalk console
Open the Elastic Beanstalk console
, and in the Regions list, select your Amazon Web Services Region. -
In the navigation pane, choose Environments, and then choose the name of your environment from the list.
Note
If you have many environments, use the search bar to filter the environment list.
In the navigation pane, choose Configuration.
-
In the Updates, monitoring, and logging configuration category, choose Edit.
Container options
You can specify these platform-specific options:
-
Proxy server – The proxy server to use on your environment instances. By default, nginx is used.
JVM container options
The heap size in the Java virtual machine (JVM) determines how many objects your
application can create in memory before garbage collection-Xms option
) and a Maximum JVM Heap Size (-Xmx
option). A larger initial heap size
allows more objects to be created before garbage collection occurs, but it also means that
the garbage collector will take longer to compact the heap. The maximum heap size specifies
the maximum amount of memory the JVM can allocate when expanding the heap during heavy
activity.
Note
The available memory depends on the Amazon EC2 instance type. For more information about the EC2 instance types available for your Elastic Beanstalk environment, see Instance Types in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Linux Instances.
The permanent generation is a section of the JVM heap that stores
class definitions and associated metadata. To modify the size of the permanent generation,
type the new size in the Maximum JVM PermGen Size
(-XX:MaxPermSize
) option. This setting applies only to Java 7 and earlier.
This option was deprecated in JDK 8 and superseded by the MaxMetaspace
Size (-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize
) option.
Important
JDK 17 removed support of the Java -XX:MaxPermSize
option. Usage of this
option with an environment running on an Elastic Beanstalk platform branch with Corretto 17 will
result in an error. Elastic Beanstalk released its first platform branch running Tomcat with
Corretto 17 on July 13,
2023.
For more information see the following resources.
-
Oracle Java documentation website: Removed Java Options
-
Oracle Java documentation website: Class Metadata section in Other Considerations
For more information about Elastic Beanstalk platforms and their components, see Supported Platforms in the Amazon Elastic Beanstalk Platforms guide.
Log options
The Log Options section has two settings:
-
Instance profile – Specifies the instance profile that has permission to access the Amazon S3 bucket associated with your application.
-
Enable log file rotation to Amazon S3 – Specifies whether log files for your application's Amazon EC2 instances are copied to the Amazon S3 bucket associated with your application.
Static files
To improve performance, you can use the Static files section to configure the proxy server to serve static files (for example, HTML or images) from a set of directories inside your web application. For each directory, you set the virtual path to directory mapping. When the proxy server receives a request for a file under the specified path, it serves the file directly instead of routing the request to your application.
For details about configuring static files using configuration files or the Elastic Beanstalk console, see Serving static files.
Environment properties
In the Environment Properties section, you can specify environment configuration settings on the Amazon EC2 instances that are running your application. Environment properties are passed in as key-value pairs to the application.
The Tomcat platform defines a placeholder property named
JDBC_CONNECTION_STRING
for Tomcat environments for passing a connection
string to an external database.
Note
If you attach an RDS DB instance to your environment, construct the JDBC connection string dynamically from the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) environment properties provided by Elastic Beanstalk. Use JDBC_CONNECTION_STRING only for database instances that are not provisioned using Elastic Beanstalk.
For more information about using Amazon RDS with your Java application, see Adding an Amazon RDS DB instance to your Java Elastic Beanstalk environment.
Inside the Tomcat environment running in Elastic Beanstalk, environment variables are accessible
using the System.getProperty()
. For example, you could read a property named
API_ENDPOINT
to a variable with the following code.
String endpoint = System.getProperty("API_ENDPOINT");
See Environment properties and other software settings for more information.
Tomcat configuration namespaces
You can use a configuration file to set configuration options and perform other instance configuration tasks during deployments. Configuration options can be platform specific or apply to all platforms in the Elastic Beanstalk service as a whole. Configuration options are organized into namespaces.
The Tomcat platform supports options in the following namespaces, in addition to the options supported for all Elastic Beanstalk environments:
-
aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:tomcat:jvmoptions
– Modify JVM settings. Options in this namespace correspond to options in the management console, as follows:-
Xms
– JVM command line options -
JVM Options
– JVM command line options
-
-
aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:proxy
– Choose the environment's proxy server.
The following example configuration file shows the use of the Tomcat-specific configuration options.
Example .ebextensions/tomcat-settings.config
option_settings:
aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:tomcat:jvmoptions:
Xms: 512m
JVM Options: '-Xmn128m'
aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment:
API_ENDPOINT: mywebapi.zkpexsjtmd.us-west-2.elasticbeanstalk.com
aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:proxy:
ProxyServer: apache
Elastic Beanstalk provides many configuration options for customizing your environment. In addition to configuration files, you can also set configuration options using the console, saved configurations, the EB CLI, or the Amazon CLI. See Configuration options for more information.
If your Elastic Beanstalk Tomcat environment uses an Amazon Linux AMI platform version (preceding Amazon Linux 2), read the additional information in this section.
Notes
-
The information in this topic only applies to platform branches based on Amazon Linux AMI (AL1). AL2023/AL2 platform branches are incompatible with previous Amazon Linux AMI (AL1) platform versions and require different configuration settings.
-
On July 18,2022, Elastic Beanstalk set the status of all platform branches based on Amazon Linux AMI (AL1) to retired. For more information about migrating to a current and fully supported Amazon Linux 2023 platform branch, see Migrating your Elastic Beanstalk Linux application to Amazon Linux 2023 or Amazon Linux 2.
The Tomcat Amazon Linux AMI platform supports additional options in the following namespaces:
-
aws:elasticbeanstalk:container:tomcat:jvmoptions
– In addition to the options mentioned earlier on this page for this namespace, older Amazon Linux AMI platform versions also support:-
XX:MaxPermSize
– Maximum JVM permanent generation size
-
-
aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:proxy
– In addition to choosing the proxy server, also configure response compression.
The following example configuration file shows the use of the proxy namespace configuration options.
Example .ebextensions/tomcat-settings.config
option_settings:
aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:proxy:
GzipCompression: 'true'
ProxyServer: nginx
To deploy .ebextensions
configuration files, include them in
your application source. For a single application, add your
.ebextensions
to a compressed WAR file by running the following
command:
zip -ur
your_application.war
.ebextensions
For an application requiring multiple WAR files, see Bundling multiple WAR files for Tomcat environments for further instructions.