Custom packages for Amazon OpenSearch Service - Amazon OpenSearch Service
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Custom packages for Amazon OpenSearch Service

Amazon OpenSearch Service lets you upload custom dictionary files, such as stop words and synonyms, and also provides several pre-packaged, optional plugins that you can associate with your domain. The generic term for both these types of files is packages.

Dictionary files improve your search results by telling OpenSearch to ignore certain high-frequency words or to treat terms like "frozen custard," "gelato," and "ice cream" as equivalent. They can also improve stemming, such as in the Japanese (kuromoji) Analysis plugin.

Optional plugins can provide added functionality to your domain. For example, you can use the Amazon Personalize plugin to give you personalized search results. Optional plugins use the ZIP-PLUGIN package type. For more information about optional plugins, see Plugins by engine version in Amazon OpenSearch Service.

Package permissions requirements

Users without administrator access require certain Amazon Identity and Access Management (IAM) actions in order to manage packages:

  • es:CreatePackage - create a package in an OpenSearch Service Region

  • es:DeletePackage - delete a package from an OpenSearch Service Region

  • es:AssociatePackage - associate a package to a domain

  • es:DissociatePackage - dissociate a package from a domain

You also need permissions on the Amazon S3 bucket path or object where the custom package resides.

Grant all permission within IAM, not in the domain access policy. For more information, see Identity and Access Management in Amazon OpenSearch Service.

Uploading packages to Amazon S3

This section covers how to up upload custom dictionary packages, since optional plugin packages are already pre-installed. Before you can associate a custom dictionary with your domain, you must upload it to an Amazon S3 bucket. For instructions, see Uploading objects in the Amazon Simple Storage Service User Guide. Supported plugins don't need to be uploaded.

If your dictionary contains sensitive information, specify server-side encryption with S3-managed keys when you upload it. OpenSearch Service can't access files on S3 that you protect using an Amazon KMS key.

After you upload the file, make note of its S3 path. The path format is s3://bucket-name/file-path/file-name.

You can use the following synonyms file for testing purposes. Save it as synonyms.txt.

danish, croissant, pastry ice cream, gelato, frozen custard sneaker, tennis shoe, running shoe basketball shoe, hightop

Certain dictionaries, such as Hunspell dictionaries, use multiple files and require their own directories on the file system. At this time, OpenSearch Service only supports single-file dictionaries.

Importing and associating packages

The console is the simplest way to import a custom dictionary into OpenSearch Service. When you import a dictionary from Amazon S3, OpenSearch Service stores its own copy of the package and automatically encrypts that copy using AES-256 with OpenSearch Service-managed keys.

Optional plugins are already pre-installed in OpenSearch Service so you don't need to upload them yourself, but you do need to associate a plugin with a domain. Available plugins are listed on the Packages screen in the console.

  1. In the Amazon OpenSearch Service console, choose Packages.

  2. Choose Import package.

  3. Give the custom dictionary a descriptive name.

  4. Provide the S3 path to the file, and then choose Submit.

  5. Return to the Packages screen.

  6. When the package status is Available, select it. Optional plugins will automatically be Available.

  7. Choose Associate to a domain.

  8. Select a domain, and then choose Associate.

  9. In the navigation pane, choose your domain and go to the Packages tab.

  10. If the package is a custom dictionary, note the ID when the package becomes Available. Use analyzers/id as the file path in requests to OpenSearch.

Alternately, use the Amazon CLI, SDKs, or configuration API to import and associate packages. For more information, see the Amazon CLI Command Reference and Amazon OpenSearch Service API Reference.

Using packages with OpenSearch

This section covers how to use both types of packages: custom dictionaries and optional plugins.

Using custom dictionaries

After you associate a file with a domain, you can use it in parameters such as synonyms_path, stopwords_path, and user_dictionary when you create tokenizers and token filters. The exact parameter varies by object. Several objects support synonyms_path and stopwords_path, but user_dictionary is exclusive to the kuromoji plugin.

For the IK (Chinese) Analysis plugin, you can upload a custom dictionary file as a custom package and associate it to a domain, and the plugin automatically picks it up without requiring a user_dictionary parameter. If your file is a synonyms file, use the synonyms_path parameter.

The following example adds a synonyms file to a new index:

PUT my-index { "settings": { "index": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "my_analyzer": { "type": "custom", "tokenizer": "standard", "filter": ["my_filter"] } }, "filter": { "my_filter": { "type": "synonym", "synonyms_path": "analyzers/F111111111", "updateable": true } } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "description": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "standard", "search_analyzer": "my_analyzer" } } } }

This request creates a custom analyzer for the index that uses the standard tokenizer and a synonym token filter.

  • Tokenizers break streams of characters into tokens (typically words) based on some set of rules. The simplest example is the whitespace tokenizer, which breaks the preceding characters into a token each time it encounters a whitespace character. A more complex example is the standard tokenizer, which uses a set of grammar-based rules to work across many languages.

  • Token filters add, modify, or delete tokens. For example, a synonym token filter adds tokens when it finds a word in the synonyms list. The stop token filter removes tokens when finds a word in the stop words list.

This request also adds a text field (description) to the mapping and tells OpenSearch to use the new analyzer as its search analyzer. You can see that it still uses the standard analyzer as its index analyzer.

Finally, note the line "updateable": true in the token filter. This field only applies to search analyzers, not index analyzers, and is critical if you later want to update the search analyzer automatically.

For testing purposes, add some documents to the index:

POST _bulk { "index": { "_index": "my-index", "_id": "1" } } { "description": "ice cream" } { "index": { "_index": "my-index", "_id": "2" } } { "description": "croissant" } { "index": { "_index": "my-index", "_id": "3" } } { "description": "tennis shoe" } { "index": { "_index": "my-index", "_id": "4" } } { "description": "hightop" }

Then search them using a synonym:

GET my-index/_search { "query": { "match": { "description": "gelato" } } }

In this case, OpenSearch returns the following response:

{ "hits": { "total": { "value": 1, "relation": "eq" }, "max_score": 0.99463606, "hits": [{ "_index": "my-index", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1", "_score": 0.99463606, "_source": { "description": "ice cream" } }] } }
Tip

Dictionary files use Java heap space proportional to their size. For example, a 2 GiB dictionary file might consume 2 GiB of heap space on a node. If you use large files, ensure that your nodes have enough heap space to accommodate them. Monitor the JVMMemoryPressure metric, and scale your cluster as necessary.

Using optional plugins

OpenSearch Service lets you associate pre-installed, optional OpenSearch plugins to use with your domain. An optional plugin package is compatible with a specific OpenSearch version, and can only be associated to domains with that version. The list of available packages for your domain includes all supported plugins that are compatible with your domain version. After you associate a plugin to a domain, an installation process on the domain begins. Then, you can reference and use the plugin when you make requests to OpenSearch Service.

Associating and dissociating a plugin requires a blue/green deployment. For more information, see Changes that usually cause blue/green deployments.

Optional plugins include language analyzers and customized search results. For example, the Amazon Personalize Search Ranking plugin uses machine learning to personalize search results for your customers. For more information about this plugin, see Personalizing search results from OpenSearch. For a list of all supported plugins, see Plugins by engine version in Amazon OpenSearch Service.

Sudachi plugin

For the Sudachi plugin, when you reassociate a dictionary file, it doesn't immediately reflect on the domain. The dictionary refreshes when the next blue/green deployment runs on the domain as part of a configuration change or other update. Alternatively, you can create a new index, reindex the existing index to the new index, and then delete the old index. If you prefer to use the reindexing approach, use an index alias so that there's no disruption to your traffic.

Additionally, the Sudachi plugin only supports binary Sudachi dictionaries, which you can upload with the CreatePackage API operation. For information on the pre-built system dictionary and process for compiling user dictionaries, see the Sudachi documentation.

The following example demonstrates how to use system and user dictionaries with the Sudachi tokenizer. You must upload these dictionaries as custom packages with type TXT-DICTIONARY and provide their package IDs in the additional settings.

PUT sudachi_sample { "settings": { "index": { "analysis": { "tokenizer": { "sudachi_tokenizer": { "type": "sudachi_tokenizer", "additional_settings": "{\"systemDict\": \"<system-dictionary-package-id>\",\"userDict\": [\"<user-dictionary-package-id>\"]}" } }, "analyzer": { "sudachi_analyzer": { "filter": ["my_searchfilter"], "tokenizer": "sudachi_tokenizer", "type": "custom" } }, "filter":{ "my_searchfilter": { "type": "sudachi_split", "mode": "search" } } } } } }

Updating packages

This section only covers how to update a custom dictionary package, because optional plugin packages are already updated for you. Uploading a new version of a dictionary to Amazon S3 does not automatically update the package on Amazon OpenSearch Service. OpenSearch Service stores its own copy of the file, so if you upload a new version to S3, you must manually update it.

Each of your associated domains stores its own copy of the file, as well. To keep search behavior predictable, domains continue to use their current package version until you explicitly update them. To update a custom package, modify the file in Amazon S3 Control, update the package in OpenSearch Service, and then apply the update.

  1. In the OpenSearch Service console, choose Packages.

  2. Choose a package and Update.

  3. Provide the S3 path to the file, and then choose Update package.

  4. Return to the Packages screen.

  5. When the package status changes to Available, select it. Then choose one or more associated domains, Apply update, and confirm. Wait for the association status to change to Active.

  6. The next steps vary depending on how you configured your indices:

    • If your domain is running OpenSearch or Elasticsearch 7.8 or later, and only uses search analyzers with the updateable field set to true, you don't need to take any further action. OpenSearch Service automatically updates your indices using the _plugins/_refresh_search_analyzers API.

    • If your domain is running Elasticsearch 7.7 or earlier, uses index analyzers, or doesn't use the updateable field, see Manual index updates for dictionaries.

Although the console is the simplest method, you can also use the Amazon CLI, SDKs, or configuration API to update OpenSearch Service packages. For more information, see the Amazon CLI Command Reference and Amazon OpenSearch Service API Reference.

Instead of manually updating a package in the console, you can use the SDKs to automate the update process. The following sample Python script uploads a new package file to Amazon S3, updates the package in OpenSearch Service, and applies the new package to the specified domain. After confirming the update was successful, it makes a sample call to OpenSearch demonstrating the new synonyms have been applied.

You must provide values for host, region, file_name, bucket_name, s3_key, package_id, domain_name, and query.

from requests_aws4auth import AWS4Auth import boto3 import requests import time import json import sys host = '' # The OpenSearch domain endpoint with https:// and a trailing slash. For example, https://my-test-domain.us-east-1.es.amazonaws.com/ region = '' # For example, us-east-1 file_name = '' # The path to the file to upload bucket_name = '' # The name of the S3 bucket to upload to s3_key = '' # The name of the S3 key (file name) to upload to package_id = '' # The unique identifier of the OpenSearch package to update domain_name = '' # The domain to associate the package with query = '' # A test query to confirm the package has been successfully updated service = 'es' credentials = boto3.Session().get_credentials() client = boto3.client('opensearch') awsauth = AWS4Auth(credentials.access_key, credentials.secret_key, region, service, session_token=credentials.token) def upload_to_s3(file_name, bucket_name, s3_key): """Uploads file to S3""" s3 = boto3.client('s3') try: s3.upload_file(file_name, bucket_name, s3_key) print('Upload successful') return True except FileNotFoundError: sys.exit('File not found. Make sure you specified the correct file path.') def update_package(package_id, bucket_name, s3_key): """Updates the package in OpenSearch Service""" print(package_id, bucket_name, s3_key) response = client.update_package( PackageID=package_id, PackageSource={ 'S3BucketName': bucket_name, 'S3Key': s3_key } ) print(response) def associate_package(package_id, domain_name): """Associates the package to the domain""" response = client.associate_package( PackageID=package_id, DomainName=domain_name) print(response) print('Associating...') def wait_for_update(domain_name, package_id): """Waits for the package to be updated""" response = client.list_packages_for_domain(DomainName=domain_name) package_details = response['DomainPackageDetailsList'] for package in package_details: if package['PackageID'] == package_id: status = package['DomainPackageStatus'] if status == 'ACTIVE': print('Association successful.') return elif status == 'ASSOCIATION_FAILED': sys.exit('Association failed. Please try again.') else: time.sleep(10) # Wait 10 seconds before rechecking the status wait_for_update(domain_name, package_id) def sample_search(query): """Makes a sample search call to OpenSearch""" path = '_search' params = {'q': query} url = host + path response = requests.get(url, params=params, auth=awsauth) print('Searching for ' + '"' + query + '"') print(response.text)
Note

If you receive a "package not found" error when you run the script using the Amazon CLI, it likely means Boto3 is using whichever Region is specified in ~/.aws/config, which isn't the Region your S3 bucket is in. Either run aws configure and specify the correct Region, or explicitly add the Region to the client:

client = boto3.client('opensearch', region_name='us-east-1')

Manual index updates for dictionaries

Manual index updates only apply to custom dictionaries, not optional plugins. To use an updated dictionary, you must manually update your indexes if you meet any of the following conditions:

  • Your domain runs Elasticsearch 7.7 or earlier.

  • You use custom packages as index analyzers.

  • You use custom packages as search analyzers, but don't include the updateable field.

To update analyzers with the new package files, you have two options:

  • Close and open any indexes that you want to update:

    POST my-index/_close POST my-index/_open
  • Reindex the indexes. First, create an index that uses the updated synonyms file (or an entirely new file). Note that only UTF-8 is supported.

    PUT my-new-index { "settings": { "index": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "synonym_analyzer": { "type": "custom", "tokenizer": "standard", "filter": ["synonym_filter"] } }, "filter": { "synonym_filter": { "type": "synonym", "synonyms_path": "analyzers/F222222222" } } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "description": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "synonym_analyzer" } } } }

    Then reindex the old index to that new index:

    POST _reindex { "source": { "index": "my-index" }, "dest": { "index": "my-new-index" } }

    If you frequently update index analyzers, use index aliases to maintain a consistent path to the latest index:

    POST _aliases { "actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "my-index", "alias": "latest-index" } }, { "add": { "index": "my-new-index", "alias": "latest-index" } } ] }

    If you don't need the old index, delete it:

    DELETE my-index

Dissociating and removing packages

Dissociating a package, whether it's a custom dictionary or optional plugin, from a domain means that you can no longer use that package when you create new indexes. After a package is dissociated, existing indexes that were using the package can no longer use it. You must remove the package from any index before you can dissociate it, otherwise the dissociation fails.

The console is the simplest way to dissociate a package from a domain and remove it from OpenSearch Service. Removing a package from OpenSearch Service does not remove it from its original location on Amazon S3.

  1. Go to https://aws.amazon.com, and then choose Sign In to the Console.

  2. Under Analytics, choose Amazon OpenSearch Service.

  3. In the navigation pane, choose your domain, and then choose the Packages tab.

  4. Select a package, Actions, and then choose Dissociate. Confirm your choice.

  5. Wait for the package to disappear from the list. You might need to refresh your browser.

  6. If you want to use the package with other domains, stop here. To continue with removing the package (if it's a custom dictionary), choose Packages in the navigation pane.

  7. Select the package and choose Delete.

Alternately, use the Amazon CLI, SDKs, or configuration API to dissociate and remove packages. For more information, see the Amazon CLI Command Reference and Amazon OpenSearch Service API Reference.