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使用 Amazon CloudTrail 记录 Amazon Keyspaces API 调用
Amazon Keyspaces 与 Amazon CloudTrail 集成，后者是一项服务，用于在 Amazon Keyspaces 中提供用户、角色或 Amazon 服务所采取操作的记录。CloudTrail 捕获 Amazon Keyspaces 的数据定义语言 (DDL, Data Definition Language) API 调用和数据操作语言 (DDL, Data Manipulation Language) API 调用作为事件。捕获的调用包括来自 Amazon Keyspaces 控制台的调用和对 Amazon Keyspaces API 操作的编程调用。
如果您创建跟踪，则可以使 CloudTrail 事件持续传送到 Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) 桶，包括 Amazon Keyspaces 事件。
如果您不配置跟踪，则仍可在 CloudTrail 控制台的事件历史记录中查看最新支持的事件。利用 CloudTrail 收集的信息，您可以确定向 Amazon Keyspaces 发出的请求、发出请求的 IP 地址、发出请求的人员、发出请求的时间以及其他详细信息。
要了解有关 CloudTrail 的更多信息，请参阅 Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南。
主题
在 CloudTrail 中配置 Amazon Keyspaces 日志文件条目
CloudTrail 中记录的每个 Amazon Keyspaces API 操作都包含以 CQL 查询语言表示的请求参数。有关更多信息，请参阅Amazon Keyspaces（Apache Cassandra 兼容）的 CQL 语言参考。
您可以在 Amazon Web Services 账户 中查看、搜索和下载最新事件。有关更多信息，请参阅使用 CloudTrail 事件历史记录查看事件。
要持续记录 Amazon Web Services 账户中的事件（包括 Amazon Keyspaces 的事件），请创建跟踪。通过跟踪记录，CloudTrail 可将日志文件传送至 Amazon S3 存储桶。预设情况下，在控制台中创建跟踪时，此跟踪应用于所有 Amazon 区域。此跟踪记录在 Amazon 分区中记录所有区域中的事件，并将日志文件传送至您指定的 Amazon S3 桶。此外，您可以配置其他 Amazon 服务，进一步分析在 CloudTrail 日志中收集的事件数据并采取行动。
有关更多信息，请参阅《Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南》中的以下主题：
每个事件或日志条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：
-
请求是使用根用户凭证还是 Amazon Identity and Access Management (IAM) 用户凭证发出的。
-
请求是使用角色还是联合用户的临时安全凭证发出的。
-
请求是否由其它 Amazon 服务发出。
有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
CloudTrail 中的 Amazon Keyspaces 数据定义语言 (DDL) 信息
在您创建 Amazon Web Services 账户时，将在该账户上启用 CloudTrail。当 Amazon Keyspaces 中发生 DDL 活动时，该活动将自动记录为 CloudTrail 事件，并与其他 Amazon 服务事件一起保存在事件历史记录中。下表显示了为 Amazon Keyspaces 记录的 DDL 语句。
CloudTrail eventName |
语句 | CQL 操作 | Amazon SDK 操作 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
CreateKeyspace |
DDL |
|
|
|
DropKeyspace |
DDL |
|
|
|
CreateTable |
DDL |
|
|
|
DropTable |
DDL |
|
|
|
AlterTable |
DDL |
|
|
CloudTrail 中的 Amazon Keyspaces 数据操作语言 (DML) 信息
要在 CloudTrail 中对 Amazon Keyspaces DML 语句启用日志记录，您必须先在 CloudTrail 中对数据面板 API 操作启用日志记录。您可以使用 CloudTrail 控制台选择记录数据事件类型为 Cassandra 表的活动，或者使用 Amazon CLI 或 CloudTrail API 操作将 resources.type 值设置为 AWS::Cassandra::Table，即可开始在新跟踪或现有跟踪中记录 Amazon Keyspaces DML 事件。有关更多信息，请参阅记录数据事件。
下表显示 CloudTrail 可以为 Cassandra table 记录的数据事件。
CloudTrail eventName |
语句 | CQL 操作 | Amazon SDK 操作 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Select |
DML |
|
|
|
Insert |
DML |
|
没有 Amazon SDK 操作可用 |
|
更新 |
DML |
|
没有 Amazon SDK 操作可用 |
|
Delete |
DML |
|
没有 Amazon SDK 操作可用 |
了解 Amazon Keyspaces 日志文件条目
CloudTrail 日志文件包含一个或多个日记账条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目说明了 CreateKeyspace、DropKeyspace、CreateTable 和 DropTable 操作：
{ "Records": [ { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:alice", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/users/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Admin", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-01-15T18:47:56Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-01-15T18:53:04Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateKeyspace", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "rawQuery": "\n\tCREATE KEYSPACE \"mykeyspace\"\n\tWITH\n\t\tREPLICATION = {'class': 'SingleRegionStrategy'}\n\t\t", "keyspaceName": "mykeyspace" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "bfa3e75d-bf4d-4fc0-be5e-89d15850eb41", "eventID": "d25beae8-f611-4229-877a-921557a07bb9", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Keyspace", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/mykeyspace/" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "managementEvent": true, "eventCategory": "Management", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2", "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" }, { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:alice", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/users/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Admin", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-01-15T18:47:56Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-01-15T19:28:39Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DropKeyspace", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "rawQuery": "DROP KEYSPACE \"mykeyspace\"", "keyspaceName": "mykeyspace" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "66f3d86a-56ae-4c29-b46f-abcd489ed86b", "eventID": "e5aebeac-e1dd-41e3-a515-84fe6aaabd7b", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Keyspace", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/mykeyspace/" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "managementEvent": true, "eventCategory": "Management", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2", "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" }, { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:alice", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/users/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Admin", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-01-15T18:47:56Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-01-15T18:55:24Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateTable", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "rawQuery": "\n\tCREATE TABLE \"mykeyspace\".\"mytable\"(\n\t\t\"ID\" int,\n\t\t\"username\" text,\n\t\t\"email\" text,\n\t\t\"post_type\" text,\n\t\tPRIMARY KEY((\"ID\", \"username\", \"email\")))", "keyspaceName": "mykeyspace", "tableName": "mytable" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "5f845963-70ea-4988-8a7a-2e66d061aacb", "eventID": "fe0dbd2b-7b34-4675-a30c-740f9d8d73f9", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/mykeyspace/table/mytable" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "managementEvent": true, "eventCategory": "Management", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2", "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" }, { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:alice", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/users/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/Admin", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2020-01-15T18:47:56Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2020-01-15T19:27:59Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DropTable", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "rawQuery": "DROP TABLE \"mykeyspace\".\"mytable\"", "keyspaceName": "mykeyspace", "tableName": "mytable" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "025501b0-3582-437e-9d18-8939e9ef262f", "eventID": "1a5cbedc-4e38-4889-8475-3eab98de0ffd", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/mykeyspace/table/mytable" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "managementEvent": true, "eventCategory": "Management", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2", "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" } ] }
以下日志文件显示 SELECT 语句的示例。
{ "eventVersion": "1.09", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "alice" }, "eventTime": "2023-11-17T10:38:04Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "Select", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "keyspaceName": "my_keyspace", "tableName": "my_table", "conditions": [ "pk = **(Redacted)", "ck < 3**(Redacted)0", "region = 't**(Redacted)t'" ], "select": [ "pk", "ck", "region" ], "allowFiltering": true }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "6d83bbf0-a3d0-4d49-b1d9-e31779a28628", "eventID": "e00552d3-34e9-4092-931a-912c4e08ba17", "readOnly": true, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/my_keyspace/table/my_table" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "managementEvent": false, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Data", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3", "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" } }
以下日志文件显示 INSERT 语句的示例。
{ "eventVersion": "1.09", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "alice" }, "eventTime": "2023-12-01T22:11:43Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "Insert", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "keyspaceName": "my_keyspace", "tableName": "my_table", "primaryKeys": { "pk": "**(Redacted)", "ck": "1**(Redacted)8" }, "columnNames": [ "pk", "ck", "region" ], "updateParameters": { "TTL": "2**(Redacted)0" } } }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "edf8af47-2f87-4432-864d-a960ac35e471", "eventID": "81b56a1c-9bdd-4c92-bb8e-92776b5a3bf1", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/my_keyspace/table/my_table" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "managementEvent": false, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Data", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3", "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" } }
以下日志文件显示 UPDATE 语句的示例。
{ "eventVersion": "1.09", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "alice" }, "eventTime": "2023-12-01T22:11:43Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "Update", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "keyspaceName": "my_keyspace", "tableName": "my_table", "primaryKeys": { "pk": "'t**(Redacted)t'", "ck": "'s**(Redacted)g'" }, "assignmentColumnNames": [ "nonkey" ], "conditions": [ "nonkey < 1**(Redacted)7" ] }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "edf8af47-2f87-4432-864d-a960ac35e471", "eventID": "81b56a1c-9bdd-4c92-bb8e-92776b5a3bf1", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/my_keyspace/table/my_table" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "managementEvent": false, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Data", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3", "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" } }
以下日志文件显示 DELETE 语句的示例。
{ "eventVersion": "1.09", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/alice", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "alice", }, "eventTime": "2023-10-23T13:59:05Z", "eventSource": "cassandra.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "Delete", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "10.24.34.01", "userAgent": "Cassandra Client/ProtocolV4", "requestParameters": { "keyspaceName": "my_keyspace", "tableName": "my_table", "primaryKeys": { "pk": "**(Redacted)", "ck": "**(Redacted)" }, "conditions": [], "deleteColumnNames": [ "m", "s" ], "updateParameters": {} }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "3d45e63b-c0c8-48e2-bc64-31afc5b4f49d", "eventID": "499da055-c642-4762-8775-d91757f06512", "readOnly": false, "resources": [ { "accountId": "111122223333", "type": "AWS::Cassandra::Table", "ARN": "arn:aws:cassandra:us-east-1:111122223333:/keyspace/my_keyspace/table/my_table" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "3.4.4", "managementEvent": false, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Data", "tlsDetails": { "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3", "cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256", "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cassandra.us-east-1.amazonaws.com" } }