使用 Cloudtrail 进行日志记录
Amazon Redshift、数据共享、Amazon Redshift Serverless、Amazon Redshift 数据 API 和查询编辑器 v2 都与 Amazon CloudTrail 集成。CloudTrail 服务提供用户、角色或 Amazon 服务在 Amazon Redshift 中所执行的操作的记录。CloudTrail 将 Amazon Redshift 的所有 API 调用作为事件捕获。捕获的调用包括通过 Redshift 控制台进行的调用以及对 Redshift 操作的代码调用。
如果您创建 CloudTrail 跟踪记录，则可以让 CloudTrail 事件持续传送到 Amazon S3 桶（包括 Redshift 的事件）。如果您不配置跟踪记录，则仍可在 CloudTrail 控制台中的 Event history（事件历史记录）中查看最新事件。通过使用 CloudTrail 收集的信息，您可以确定某些事项。这些事项包括向 Redshift 发出的请求、发出请求的 IP 地址、何人发出的请求、请求的发出时间，以及其他详细信息。
您可以将 CloudTrail 与 Amazon Redshift 数据库审计日志记录一起使用，也可以单独使用前者。
要了解有关 CloudTrail 的更多信息，请参阅 Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南。
CloudTrail 中的 信息
在您创建账户时，您的 Amazon 账户中已启用 CloudTrail。发生活动时，该活动将记录在 CloudTrail 事件中，并与其他 Amazon 服务事件一同保存在 Event history（事件历史记录）中。您可以在 Amazon 账户中查看、搜索和下载最新事件。有关更多信息，请参阅《Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南》中的使用 CloudTrail 事件历史记录查看事件。
要持续记录 Amazon 账户中的事件（包括 Redshift 的事件），请创建跟踪记录。CloudTrail 使用跟踪记录 将日志文件传送至 Amazon S3 桶。预设情况下，在控制台中创建跟踪时，此跟踪应用于所有 Amazon 区域。此跟踪记录在 Amazon 分区中记录所有区域中的事件，并将日志文件传送至您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。此外，您可以配置其他Amazon服务，进一步分析在 CloudTrail 日志中收集的事件数据并采取行动。有关更多信息，请参阅《Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南》中的以下内容：
所有 Amazon Redshift、Amazon Redshift Serverless、数据 API、数据共享和查询编辑器 v2 操作都由 CloudTrail 记录。例如，对 AuthorizeDatashare、CreateNamespace、ExecuteStatement 和 CreateConnection 操作的调用将在 CloudTrail 日志文件中生成条目。
每个事件或日记账条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息有助于您确定以下内容：
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请求是使用根凭证还是用户凭证发出的。
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请求是使用角色还是联合用户的临时安全凭证发出的。
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请求是否由其他Amazon服务发出。
有关更多信息，请参阅《Amazon CloudTrail 用户指南》中的 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
日志文件条目
跟踪记录 是一种配置，允许将事件作为日志文件传送到您指定的 Amazon S3 桶。CloudTrail 日志文件包含一个或多个日记账条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。
Amazon Redshift 数据共享示例
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目说明了 AuthorizeDataShare 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:janedoe", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:user/janedoe", "accountId": "111122223333", "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:janedoe", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:user/janedoe", "accountId": "111122223333", "userName": "janedoe" }, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2021-08-02T23:40:45Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } } }, "eventTime": "2021-08-02T23:40:58Z", "eventSource": "redshift.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "AuthorizeDataShare", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "3.227.36.75", "userAgent":"aws-cli/1.18.118 Python/3.6.10 Linux/4.9.217-0.1.ac.205.84.332.metal1.x86_64 botocore/1.17.41", "requestParameters": { "dataShareArn": "arn:aws:redshift:us-east-1:111122223333:datashare:4c64c6ec-73d5-42be-869b-b7f7c43c7a53/testshare", "consumerIdentifier": "555555555555" }, "responseElements": { "dataShareArn": "arn:aws:redshift:us-east-1:111122223333:datashare:4c64c6ec-73d5-42be-869b-b7f7c43c7a53/testshare", "producerNamespaceArn": "arn:aws:redshift:us-east-1:123456789012:namespace:4c64c6ec-73d5-42be-869b-b7f7c43c7a53", "producerArn": "arn:aws:redshift:us-east-1:111122223333:namespace:4c64c6ec-73d5-42be-869b-b7f7c43c7a53", "allowPubliclyAccessibleConsumers": true, "dataShareAssociations": [ { "consumerIdentifier": "555555555555", "status": "AUTHORIZED", "createdDate": "Aug 2, 2021 11:40:56 PM", "statusChangeDate": "Aug 2, 2021 11:40:57 PM" } ] }, "requestID": "87ee1c99-9e41-42be-a5c4-00495f928422", "eventID": "03a3d818-37c8-46a6-aad5-0151803bdb09", "readOnly": false, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "managementEvent": true, "recipientAccountId": "111122223333", "eventCategory": "Management" }
Amazon Redshift Serverless 示例
Amazon Redshift Serverless 与 Amazon CloudTrail 集成，以提供在 Amazon Redshift Serverless 中执行的操作的记录。CloudTrail 将 Amazon Redshift Serverless 的所有 API 调用作为事件捕获。有关 Amazon Redshift Serverless 功能的更多信息，请参阅 Amazon Redshift Serverless 功能概览。
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目演示了 CreateNamespace 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE:admin", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111111111111:assumed-role/admin/admin", "accountId": "111111111111", "accessKeyId": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111111111111:role/admin", "accountId": "111111111111", "userName": "admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2022-03-21T20:51:58Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } } }, "eventTime": "2022-03-21T23:15:40Z", "eventSource": "redshift-serverless.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateNamespace", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "56.23.155.33", "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.4.14 Python/3.8.8 Linux/5.4.181-109.354.amzn2int.x86_64 exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/redshift-serverless.create-namespace", "requestParameters": { "adminUserPassword": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS", "adminUsername": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS", "dbName": "dev", "namespaceName": "testnamespace" }, "responseElements": { "namespace": { "adminUsername": "HIDDEN_DUE_TO_SECURITY_REASONS", "creationDate": "Mar 21, 2022 11:15:40 PM", "defaultIamRoleArn": "", "iamRoles": [], "logExports": [], "namespaceArn": "arn:aws:redshift-serverless:us-east-1:111111111111:namespace/befa5123-16c2-4449-afca-1d27cb40fc99", "namespaceId": "8b726a0c-16ca-4799-acca-1d27cb403599", "namespaceName": "testnamespace", "status": "AVAILABLE" } }, "requestID": "ed4bb777-8127-4dae-aea3-bac009999163", "eventID": "1dbee944-f889-4beb-b228-7ad0f312464", "readOnly": false, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "managementEvent": true, "recipientAccountId": "111111111111", "eventCategory": "Management", }
Amazon Redshift 数据 API 示例
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目演示了 ExecuteStatement 操作。
{ "eventVersion":"1.05", "userIdentity":{ "type":"IAMUser", "principalId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:janedoe", "arn":"arn:aws:sts::123456789012:user/janedoe", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE", "userName": "janedoe" }, "eventTime":"2020-08-19T17:55:59Z", "eventSource":"redshift-data.amazonaws.com", "eventName":"ExecuteStatement", "awsRegion":"us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress":"192.0.2.0", "userAgent":"aws-cli/1.18.118 Python/3.6.10 Linux/4.9.217-0.1.ac.205.84.332.metal1.x86_64 botocore/1.17.41", "requestParameters":{ "clusterIdentifier":"example-cluster-identifier", "database":"example-database-name", "dbUser":"example_db_user_name", "sql":"***OMITTED***" }, "responseElements":{ "clusterIdentifier":"example-cluster-identifier", "createdAt":"Aug 19, 2020 5:55:58 PM", "database":"example-database-name", "dbUser":"example_db_user_name", "id":"5c52b37b-9e07-40c1-98de-12ccd1419be7" }, "requestID":"00c924d3-652e-4939-8a7a-cd0612eeb8ac", "eventID":"c1fb7076-102f-43e5-9ec9-40820bcc1175", "readOnly":false, "eventType":"AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId":"123456789012" }
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目说明了 ExecuteStatement 操作，显示了幂等性所用的 clientToken。
{ "eventVersion":"1.05", "userIdentity":{ "type":"IAMUser", "principalId":"AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE:janedoe", "arn":"arn:aws:sts::123456789012:user/janedoe", "accountId":"123456789012", "accessKeyId":"AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE", "userName": "janedoe" }, "eventTime":"2020-08-19T17:55:59Z", "eventSource":"redshift-data.amazonaws.com", "eventName":"ExecuteStatement", "awsRegion":"us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress":"192.0.2.0", "userAgent":"aws-cli/1.18.118 Python/3.6.10 Linux/4.9.217-0.1.ac.205.84.332.metal1.x86_64 botocore/1.17.41", "requestParameters":{ "clusterIdentifier":"example-cluster-identifier", "database":"example-database-name", "dbUser":"example_db_user_name", "sql":"***OMITTED***", "clientToken":"32db2e10-69ac-4534-b3fc-a191052616ce" }, "responseElements":{ "clusterIdentifier":"example-cluster-identifier", "createdAt":"Aug 19, 2020 5:55:58 PM", "database":"example-database-name", "dbUser":"example_db_user_name", "id":"5c52b37b-9e07-40c1-98de-12ccd1419be7" }, "requestID":"00c924d3-652e-4939-8a7a-cd0612eeb8ac", "eventID":"c1fb7076-102f-43e5-9ec9-40820bcc1175", "readOnly":false, "eventType":"AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId":"123456789012" }
Amazon Redshift 查询编辑器 v2 示例
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail 日志条目，该条目演示了 CreateConnection 操作。
{ "eventVersion": "1.08", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE:session", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/MyRole/session", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/MyRole", "accountId": "123456789012", "userName": "MyRole" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "creationDate": "2022-09-21T17:19:02Z", "mfaAuthenticated": "false" } } }, "eventTime": "2022-09-21T22:22:05Z", "eventSource": "sqlworkbench.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateConnection", "awsRegion": "ca-central-1", "sourceIPAddress": "192.2.0.2", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0", "requestParameters": { "password": "***", "databaseName": "***", "isServerless": false, "name": "***", "host": "redshift-cluster-2.c8robpbxvbf9.ca-central-1.redshift.amazonaws.com", "authenticationType": "***", "clusterId": "redshift-cluster-2", "username": "***", "tags": { "sqlworkbench-resource-owner": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE:session" } }, "responseElements": { "result": true, "code": "", "data": { "id": "arn:aws:sqlworkbench:ca-central-1:123456789012:connection/ce56b1be-dd65-4bfb-8b17-12345123456", "name": "***", "authenticationType": "***", "databaseName": "***", "secretArn": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:ca-central-1:123456789012:secret:sqlworkbench!7da333b4-9a07-4917-b1dc-12345123456-qTCoFm", "clusterId": "redshift-cluster-2", "dbUser": "***", "userSettings": "***", "recordDate": "2022-09-21 22:22:05", "updatedDate": "2022-09-21 22:22:05", "accountId": "123456789012", "tags": { "sqlworkbench-resource-owner": "AAKEOFPINEXAMPLE:session" }, "isServerless": false } }, "requestID": "9b82f483-9c03-4cdd-bb49-a7009e7da714", "eventID": "a7cdd442-e92f-46a2-bc82-2325588d41c3", "readOnly": false, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "managementEvent": true, "recipientAccountId": "123456789012", "eventCategory": "Management" }
Amazon CloudTrail 日志中的 Amazon Redshift 账户 ID
当 Amazon Redshift 为您调用其他 Amazon 服务时，该次调用将以属于 Amazon Redshift 的账户 ID 记录下来。它未以您的账户 ID 记录。例如，假设 Amazon Redshift 调用 Amazon Key Management Service（Amazon KMS）操作（如 CreateGrant、Decrypt、Encrypt 和 RetireGrant）以管理集群上的加密。在这种情况下，调用由 Amazon CloudTrail 使用 Amazon Redshift 账户 ID 记录。
当调用其他 Amazon 服务时，Amazon Redshift 使用下表中的账户 ID。
| 区域 | 区域 | 账户 ID |
|---|---|---|
| 美国东部（弗吉尼亚北部）区域 | us-east-1 | 368064434614 |
| 美国东部（俄亥俄）区域 | us-east-2 | 790247189693 |
| 美国西部（加利福尼亚北部）区域 | us-west-1 | 703715109447 |
| 美国西部（俄勒冈州）区域 | us-west-2 | 473191095985 |
| Africa (Cape Town) Region | af-south-1 | 420376844563 |
| 亚太地区（香港）区域 | ap-east-1 | 651179539253 |
| 亚太地区（海得拉巴）区域 | ap-south-2 | 297058826802 |
| 亚太地区（雅加达）区域 | ap-southeast-3 | 623197973179 |
| 亚太地区（马来西亚）区域 | ap-southeast-5 | 590184011157 |
| 亚太地区（墨尔本）区域 | ap-southeast-4 | 945512339897 |
| 亚太（孟买）区域 | ap-south-1 | 408097707231 |
| 亚太地区（大阪）区域 | ap-northeast-3 | 398671365691 |
| 亚太区域（首尔） | ap-northeast-2 | 713597048934 |
| 亚太区域（新加坡） | ap-southeast-1 | 960118270566 |
| 亚太区域（悉尼） | ap-southeast-2 | 485979073181 |
| 亚太区域（东京） | ap-northeast-1 | 615915377779 |
| 加拿大（中部）区域 | ca-central-1 | 764870610256 |
| 加拿大西部（卡尔加里）区域 | ca-west-1 | 830903446466 |
| 中国（北京）区域 | cn-north-1 | 066403562008 |
| 中国（宁夏）区域 | cn-northwest-1 | 194116488714 |
| 欧洲（法兰克福）区域 | eu-central-1 | 434091160558 |
| 欧洲（爱尔兰）区域 | eu-west-1 | 246478207311 |
| 欧洲（伦敦）区域 | eu-west-2 | 885798887673 |
| Europe (Milan) Region | eu-south-1 | 041313461515 |
| 欧洲（巴黎）区域 | eu-west-3 | 694668203235 |
| 欧洲地区（西班牙）区域 | eu-south-2 | 028811157404 |
| 欧洲地区（斯德哥尔摩）区域 | eu-north-1 | 553461782468 |
| 欧洲（苏黎世） | eu-central-2 | 668912161003 |
| 以色列（特拉维夫）区域 | il-central-1 | 901883065212 |
| Middle East (Bahrain) Region | me-south-1 | 051362938876 |
| 中东（阿联酋）区域 | me-central-1 | 595013617770 |
| 南美洲（圣保罗）区域 | sa-east-1 | 392442076723 |
以下示例显示了 Amazon Redshift 所调用的 Amazon KMS Decrypt 操作的 CloudTrail 日志条目。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AROAI5QPCMKLTL4VHFCYY:i-0f53e22dbe5df8a89", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::790247189693:assumed-role/prod-23264-role-wp/i-0f53e22dbe5df8a89", "accountId": "790247189693", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "sessionContext": { "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2017-03-03T16:24:54Z" }, "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AROAI5QPCMKLTL4VHFCYY", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::790247189693:role/prod-23264-role-wp", "accountId": "790247189693", "userName": "prod-23264-role-wp" } } }, "eventTime": "2017-03-03T17:16:51Z", "eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "Decrypt", "awsRegion": "us-east-2", "sourceIPAddress": "52.14.143.61", "userAgent": "aws-internal/3", "requestParameters": { "encryptionContext": { "aws:redshift:createtime": "20170303T1710Z", "aws:redshift:arn": "arn:aws:redshift:us-east-2:123456789012:cluster:my-dw-instance-2" } }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "30d2fe51-0035-11e7-ab67-17595a8411c8", "eventID": "619bad54-1764-4de4-a786-8898b0a7f40c", "readOnly": true, "resources": [ { "ARN": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-2:123456789012:key/f8f4f94f-e588-4254-b7e8-078b99270be7", "accountId": "123456789012", "type": "AWS::KMS::Key" } ], "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012", "sharedEventID": "c1daefea-a5c2-4fab-b6f4-d8eaa1e522dc" }