Types of NVIDIA drivers Available drivers by instance type Installation options Install an additional version of CUDA

NVIDIA drivers for your Amazon EC2 instance

An instance with an attached NVIDIA GPU, such as a P3 or G4dn instance, must have the appropriate NVIDIA driver installed. Depending on the instance type, you can either download a public NVIDIA driver, download a driver from Amazon S3 that is available only to Amazon customers, or use an AMI with the driver pre-installed.

To install AMD drivers on an instance with an attached AMD GPU, such as a G4ad instance, see AMD drivers instead.

Types of NVIDIA drivers

The following are the main types of NVIDIA drivers that can be used with GPU-based instances.

Tesla drivers: These drivers are intended primarily for compute workloads, which use GPUs for computational tasks such as parallelized floating-point calculations for machine learning and fast Fourier transforms for high performance computing applications.
GRID drivers: These drivers are certified to provide optimal performance for professional visualization applications that render content such as 3D models or high-resolution videos. You can configure GRID drivers to support two modes. Quadro Virtual Workstations provide access to four 4K displays per GPU. GRID vApps provide RDSH App hosting capabilities.
Gaming drivers: These drivers contain optimizations for gaming and are updated frequently to provide performance enhancements. They support a single 4K display per GPU.

Configured mode

On Windows, the Tesla drivers are configured to run in Tesla Compute Cluster (TCC) mode. The GRID and gaming drivers are configured to run in Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) mode. In TCC mode, the card is dedicated to compute workloads. In WDDM mode, the card supports both compute and graphics workloads.

NVIDIA control panel

The NVIDIA control panel is supported with GRID and Gaming drivers. It is not supported with Tesla drivers.

Supported APIs for Tesla, GRID, and gaming drivers

OpenCL, OpenGL, and Vulkan
NVIDIA CUDA and related libraries (for example, cuDNN, TensorRT, nvJPEG, and cuBLAS)
NVENC for video encoding and NVDEC for video decoding
Windows-only APIs: DirectX, Direct2D, DirectX Video Acceleration, DirectX Raytracing

Available drivers by instance type

The following table summarizes the supported NVIDIA drivers for each GPU instance type.

Instance type	Tesla driver	GRID driver	Gaming driver
G3	Yes	Yes	No
G4dn	Yes	Yes	Yes
G5	Yes	Yes	Yes
G5g	Yes ¹	No	No
G6	Yes	Yes	No
G6e	Yes	Yes	No
Gr6	Yes	Yes	No
P2	Yes	No	No
P3	Yes	No	No
P4d	Yes	No	No
P4de	Yes	No	No
P5	Yes	No	No
P5e	Yes	No	No
P5en	Yes	No	No

¹ This Tesla driver also supports optimized graphics applications specific to the ARM64 platform

² Using Marketplace AMIs only

Installation options

Use one of the following options to get the NVIDIA drivers required for your GPU instance.

Options

Option 1: AMIs with NVIDIA drivers installed
Option 2: Public NVIDIA drivers
Option 3: GRID drivers (G6, Gr6, G6e, G5, G4dn, and G3 instances)
Option 4: NVIDIA gaming drivers (G5 and G4dn instances)

Option 1: AMIs with NVIDIA drivers installed

Amazon and NVIDIA offer different Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) that come with the NVIDIA drivers installed.

To review considerations that are dependent on your operating system (OS) platform, choose the tab that applies to your AMI.

Option 2: Public NVIDIA drivers

The options offered by Amazon come with the necessary license for the driver. Alternatively, you can install the public drivers and bring your own license. To install a public driver, download it from the NVIDIA site as described here.

Alternatively, you can use the options offered by Amazon instead of the public drivers. To use a GRID driver on a P3 instance, use the Amazon Web Services Marketplace AMIs as described in Option 1. To use a GRID driver on a G6, G6e, Gr6, G5, G4dn, or G3 instance, use the Amazon Web Services Marketplace AMIs as described in Option 1 or install the NVIDIA drivers provided by Amazon as described in Option 3: GRID drivers (G6, Gr6, G6e, G5, G4dn, and G3 instances).

To download a public NVIDIA driver

Log on to your instance and download the 64-bit NVIDIA driver appropriate for the instance type from http://www.nvidia.com/Download/Find.aspx. For Product Type, Product Series, and Product, use the options in the following table.

Instance	Product type	Product series	Product	Minimum driver version
G3	Tesla	M-Class	M60	--
G4dn	Tesla	T-Series	T4	--
G5	Tesla	A-Series	A10	470.00 or later
G5g ¹	Tesla	T-Series	NVIDIA T4G	470.82.01 or later
G6	Tesla	L-Series	L4	525.0 or later
G6e	Tesla	L-Series	L40S	535.0 or later
Gr6	Tesla	L-Series	L4	525.0 or later
P2	Tesla	K-Series	K80	--
P3	Tesla	V-Series	V100	--
P4d	Tesla	A-Series	A100	--
P4de	Tesla	A-Series	A100	--
P5	Tesla	H-Series	H100	530 or later
P5e	Tesla	H-Series	H200	550 or later
P5en	Tesla	H-Series	H200	550 or later

¹ The operating system for G5g instances is Linux aarch64.

To install the NVIDIA driver on Linux operating systems, see the NVIDIA Driver Installation Quickstart Guide.

To install the NVIDIA driver on Windows, follow these steps:

Open the folder where you downloaded the driver and launch the installation file. Follow the instructions to install the driver and reboot your instance as required.
Disable the display adapter named Microsoft Basic Display Adapter that is marked with a warning icon using Device Manager. Install these Windows features: Media Foundation and Quality Windows Audio Video Experience.

Important
Don't disable the display adapter named Microsoft Remote Display Adapter. If Microsoft Remote Display Adapter is disabled your connection might be interrupted and attempts to connect to the instance after it has rebooted might fail.
Check Device Manager to verify that the GPU is working correctly.
To achieve the best performance from your GPU, complete the optimization steps in Optimize GPU settings on Amazon EC2 instances.

Option 3: GRID drivers (G6, Gr6, G6e, G5, G4dn, and G3 instances)

These downloads are available to Amazon customers only. By downloading, in order to adhere to requirements of the Amazon solution referred to in the NVIDIA GRID Cloud End User License Agreement (EULA), you agree to use the downloaded software only to develop AMIs for use with the NVIDIA L4, NVIDIA A10G, NVIDIA Tesla T4, or NVIDIA Tesla M60 hardware. Upon installation of the software, you are bound by the terms of the NVIDIA GRID Cloud End User License Agreement. For information about the version of the NVIDIA GRID driver for your operating system, see the NVIDIA Virtual GPU (vGPU) Software on the NVIDIA website.

Considerations

G6e instances require GRID 17.4 or later.
G6 and Gr6 instances require GRID 17.1 or later.
G5 instances require GRID 13.1 or later (or GRID 12.4 or later).
G3 instances require Amazon provided DNS resolution for GRID licensing to work.
IMDSv2 is only supported with NVIDIA driver version 14.0 or greater.
For Windows instances, if you launch your instance from a custom Windows AMI, the AMI must be a standardized image created with Windows Sysprep to ensure that the GRID driver works. For more information, see Create an Amazon EC2 AMI using Windows Sysprep.
GRID 17.0 and later do not support Windows Server 2019.
GRID 14.2 and later do not support Windows Server 2016.
GRID 17.0 and later is not supported with G3 instances.
For Linux instances, you might need to install or update packages, such as gcc, if the NVIDIA installer fails with an error message. The specifics depend on the versions of the operating system and the kernel. For more information, see the NVIDIA Enterprise Support Portal.

Prerequisites

(Linux) Verify that the Amazon CLI is installed on your instance and configured with default credentials. For more information, see Installing the Amazon CLI in the Amazon Command Line Interface User Guide.
(Windows) Configure default credentials for the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell on your instance. For more information, see Getting started with the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell in the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell User Guide.
Your user or role must have the permissions granted that contains the AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess policy.

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.

Install the kernel headers packages.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y kernel-devel kernel-modules-extra

Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel that is running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
If you are using Amazon Linux 2 with kernel version 5.10, use the following command to install the GRID driver.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo CC=/usr/bin/gcc10-cc ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel that you are running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Disable the nouveau open source driver for NVIDIA graphics cards.
1. Add nouveau to the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf blacklist file. Copy the following code block and paste it into a terminal.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
EOF
```
2. Edit the /etc/default/grub file and add the following line:
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rdblacklist=nouveau"
```
3. Rebuild the Grub configuration.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
```
Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.
3. Install the GUI desktop/workstation package.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall -y "Server with GUI"
```

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.

Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel that you are running.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y elfutils-libelf-devel libglvnd-devel kernel-devel-$(uname -r)

Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.
3. Install the GUI workstation package.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf groupinstall -y workstation
```

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your Linux instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.

Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel that you are running.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y elfutils-libelf-devel libglvnd-devel kernel-devel-$(uname -r)

Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
$ sudo apt-get update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo apt-get install -y gcc make
```
(Ubuntu) Upgrade the linux-aws package to receive the latest version.
```
$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y linux-aws
```
(Debian) Upgrade package to receive the latest version.
```
$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
$ sudo apt-get install -y linux-headers-$(uname -r)
```
Disable the nouveau open source driver for NVIDIA graphics cards.
1. Add nouveau to the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf blacklist file. Copy the following code block and paste it into a terminal.
```
$ cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
EOF
```
2. Edit the /etc/default/grub file and add the following line:
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rdblacklist=nouveau"
```
3. Rebuild the Grub configuration.
```
$ sudo update-grub
```
Download the GRID driver installation utility using the following command:
```
$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command.
```
$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://ec2-linux-nvidia-drivers/  --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command.
```
$ chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
Run the self-install script as follows to install the GRID driver that you downloaded. For example:
```
$ sudo /bin/sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Confirm that the driver is functional. The response for the following command lists the installed version of the NVIDIA driver and details about the GPUs.
```
$ nvidia-smi -q | head
```
If you are using NVIDIA vGPU software version 14.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.
3. Install the GUI desktop/workstation package.
```
$ sudo apt-get install -y lightdm ubuntu-desktop
```

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your Windows instance

Connect to your Windows instance and open a PowerShell window.
Download the drivers and the NVIDIA GRID Cloud End User License Agreement from Amazon S3 to your desktop using the following PowerShell commands.
```
$Bucket = "ec2-windows-nvidia-drivers"
$KeyPrefix = "latest"
$LocalPath = "$home\Desktop\NVIDIA"
$Objects = Get-S3Object -BucketName $Bucket -KeyPrefix $KeyPrefix -Region cn-north-1
foreach ($Object in $Objects) {
$LocalFileName = $Object.Key
if ($LocalFileName -ne '' -and $Object.Size -ne 0) {
    $LocalFilePath = Join-Path $LocalPath $LocalFileName
    Copy-S3Object -BucketName $Bucket -Key $Object.Key -LocalFile $LocalFilePath -Region cn-north-1
}
}
```
Multiple versions of the NVIDIA GRID driver are stored in this bucket. You can download all of the available Windows versions in the bucket by removing the -KeyPrefix $KeyPrefix option. For information about the version of the NVIDIA GRID driver for your operating system, see the NVIDIA Virtual GPU (vGPU) Software on the NVIDIA website.

Starting with GRID version 11.0, you can use the drivers under latest for both G3 and G4dn instances. We will not add versions later than 11.0 to g4/latest, but will keep version 11.0 and the earlier versions specific to G4dn under g4/latest.

G5 instances require GRID 13.1 or later (or GRID 12.4 or later).
Navigate to the desktop and double-click the installation file to launch it (choose the driver version that corresponds to your instance OS version). Follow the instructions to install the driver and reboot your instance as required. To verify that the GPU is working properly, check Device Manager.
(Optional) Use the following command to disable the licensing page in the control panel to prevent users from accidentally changing the product type (NVIDIA GRID Virtual Workstation is enabled by default). For more information, see the GRID Licensing User Guide.

PowerShell

Run the following PowerShell commands to create the registry value to disable the licensing page in the control panel. The Amazon Tools for PowerShell in Amazon Windows AMIs defaults to the 32-bit version and this command fails. Instead, use the 64-bit version of PowerShell included with the operating system.
```
New-Item -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global" -Name GridLicensing
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global\GridLicensing" -Name "NvCplDisableManageLicensePage" -PropertyType "DWord" -Value "1"
```
Command Prompt

Run the following registry command to create the registry value to disable the licensing page in the control panel. You can run it using the Command Prompt window or a 64-bit version of PowerShell.
```
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global\GridLicensing" /v NvCplDisableManageLicensePage /t REG_DWORD /d 1
```
(Optional) Depending on your use case, you might complete the following optional steps. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete these steps.
1. To help take advantage of the four displays of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol, Amazon DCV.
2. NVIDIA Quadro Virtual Workstation mode is enabled by default. To activate GRID Virtual Applications for RDSH Application hosting capabilities, complete the GRID Virtual Application activation steps in Activate NVIDIA GRID Virtual Applications on your Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances.

Option 4: NVIDIA gaming drivers (G5 and G4dn instances)

These drivers are available to Amazon customers only. By downloading them, you agree to use the downloaded software only to develop AMIs for use with the NVIDIA A10G, and NVIDIA Tesla T4 hardware. Upon installation of the software, you are bound by the terms of the NVIDIA GRID Cloud End User License Agreement.

Considerations

G3 instances require Amazon provided DNS resolution for GRID licensing to work.
IMDSv2 is only supported with NVIDIA driver version 495.x or greater.

Prerequisites

(Linux) Verify that the Amazon CLI is installed on your instance and configured with default credentials. For more information, see Installing the Amazon CLI in the Amazon Command Line Interface User Guide.
Your user or role must have the permissions granted that contains the AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess policy.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it is rebooted.

Install the kernel headers packages.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y kernel-devel kernel-modules-extra

Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ unzip latest-driver-name.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo ./nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).

Use the following command to create the required configuration file.


[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Verify the NVIDIA Gaming license using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi.exe -q
```
In the output, search for vGPU Software Licensed Product.
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your instance. Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install gcc make
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it is rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ unzip latest-driver-name.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo ./nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
If you are using Amazon Linux 2 with kernel version 5.10, use the following command to install the NVIDIA gaming drivers.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo CC=/usr/bin/gcc10-cc ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).

Use the following command to create the required configuration file.


[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Verify the NVIDIA Gaming license using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ nvidia-smi.exe -q
```
In the output, search for vGPU Software Licensed Product.
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your Linux instance. Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y unzip kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Disable the nouveau open source driver for NVIDIA graphics cards.
1. Add nouveau to the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf blacklist file. Copy the following code block and paste it into a terminal.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
EOF
```
2. Edit the /etc/default/grub file and add the following line:
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rdblacklist=nouveau"
```
3. Rebuild the Grub configuration.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
```
Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ unzip *Gaming-Linux-Guest-Drivers.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).

Use the following command to create the required configuration file.


[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete this step.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your Linux instance. Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y unzip kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ unzip *Gaming-Linux-Guest-Drivers.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).

Use the following command to create the required configuration file.


[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your Linux instance. Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc make
```
Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo yum update -y
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y unzip elfutils-libelf-devel libglvnd-devel kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
```
Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ unzip *Gaming-Linux-Guest-Drivers.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).

Use the following command to create the required configuration file.


[ec2-user ~]$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
[ec2-user ~]$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

Connect to your Linux instance. Install gcc and make, if they are not already installed.
```
$ sudo apt-get install gcc make -y
```
Update your package cache and get the package updates for your instance.
```
$ sudo apt-get update -y
```
Upgrade the linux-aws package to receive the latest version.
```
$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y linux-aws
```
Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel version.
```
$ sudo reboot
```
Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.
Install the kernel headers package for the version of the kernel you are currently running.
```
$ sudo apt-get install -y unzip linux-headers-$(uname -r)
```
Disable the nouveau open source driver for NVIDIA graphics cards.
1. Add nouveau to the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf blacklist file. Copy the following code block and paste it into a terminal.
```
$ cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
EOF
```
2. Edit the /etc/default/grub file and add the following line:
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rdblacklist=nouveau"
```
3. Rebuild the Grub configuration.
```
$ sudo update-grub
```
Download the gaming driver installation utility using the following command:
```
$ aws s3 cp --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/latest/ . --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Multiple versions of the gaming driver are stored in this bucket. You can see all of the available versions using the following command:
```
$ aws s3 ls --recursive s3://nvidia-gaming/linux/ --region us-east-1 --no-sign-request
```
Extract the gaming driver installation utility from the downloaded .zip archive.
```
$ unzip *Gaming-Linux-Guest-Drivers.zip -d nvidia-drivers
```
Add permissions to run the driver installation utility using the following command:
```
$ chmod +x nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*-grid.run
```
Run the installer using the following command:
```
$ sudo nvidia-drivers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64*.run
```
When prompted, accept the license agreement and specify the installation options as required (you can accept the default options).
Use the following command to create the required configuration file.
```
$ cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/nvidia/gridd.conf
vGamingMarketplace=2
EOF
```

Use the following command to download and rename the certification file.

For version 460.39 or later:


$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertLinux_2024_02_22.cert"

For version 440.68 to 445.48:


$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2020_04.cert"

For earlier versions:


$ sudo curl -o /etc/nvidia/GridSwCert.txt "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Linux_2019_09.cert"

If you are using NVIDIA driver version 510.x or greater on the G4dn, G5, or G5g instances, disable GSP with the following commands. For more information about why this is required, see the NVIDIA documentation.
```
$ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
```
$ echo "options nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0" | sudo tee --append /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
```
Reboot the instance.
```
$ sudo reboot
```
(Optional) To help take advantage of a single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete this step.

Before you install an NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance, you must ensure that the following prerequisites are met in addition to the considerations mentioned for all gaming drivers.

If you launch your Windows instance using a custom Windows AMI, the AMI must be a standardized image created with Windows Sysprep to ensure that the gaming driver works. For more information, see Create an Amazon EC2 AMI using Windows Sysprep.
Configure default credentials for the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell on your Windows instance. For more information, see Getting Started with the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell in the Amazon Tools for Windows PowerShell User Guide.

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your Windows instance

Connect to your Windows instance and open a PowerShell window.

Configure your Amazon profile to use the Global region as follows:


$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: enter a Global region access key
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: enter a Global region secret access key
Default region name [None]: us-east-1
Default output format [None]: json

Download and install the gaming driver using the following PowerShell commands.


$Bucket = "nvidia-gaming"
$KeyPrefix = "windows/latest"
$LocalPath = "$home\Desktop\NVIDIA"
$Objects = Get-S3Object -BucketName $Bucket -KeyPrefix $KeyPrefix -Region us-east-1
foreach ($Object in $Objects) {
$LocalFileName = $Object.Key
if ($LocalFileName -ne '' -and $Object.Size -ne 0) {
    $LocalFilePath = Join-Path $LocalPath $LocalFileName
    Copy-S3Object -BucketName $Bucket -Key $Object.Key -LocalFile $LocalFilePath -Region us-east-1
}
}

Multiple versions of the NVIDIA GRID driver are stored in this S3 bucket. You can download all of the available versions in the bucket if you change the value of the $KeyPrefix variable from "windows/latest" to "windows".

Navigate to the desktop and double-click the installation file to launch it (choose the driver version that corresponds to your instance OS version). Follow the instructions to install the driver and reboot your instance as required. To verify that the GPU is working properly, check Device Manager.
Use one of the following methods to register the driver.
Version 527.27 or above
Create the following registry key with the 64-bit version of PowerShell, or the Command Prompt window.

key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\nvlddmkm\Global

name: vGamingMarketplace

type: DWord

value: 2

PowerShell

Run the following PowerShell command to create this registry value. The Amazon Tools for PowerShell in Amazon Windows AMIs defaults to the 32-bit version and this command fails. Instead, use the 64-bit version of PowerShell included with the operating system.
```
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\nvlddmkm\Global" -Name "vGamingMarketplace" -PropertyType "DWord" -Value "2"
```
Command Prompt

Run the following registry command to create this registry value. You can run it using the Command Prompt window or a 64-bit version of PowerShell.
```
reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\nvlddmkm\Global" /v vGamingMarketplace /t REG_DWORD /d 2
```
Earlier versions
Create the following registry key with the 64-bit version of PowerShell, or the Command Prompt window.

key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global

name: vGamingMarketplace

type: DWord

value: 2

PowerShell

Run the following PowerShell command to create this registry value. The Amazon Tools for PowerShell in Amazon Windows AMIs defaults to the 32-bit version and this command fails. Instead, use the 64-bit version of PowerShell included with the operating system.
```
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global" -Name "vGamingMarketplace" -PropertyType "DWord" -Value "2"
```
Command Prompt

Run the following registry command to create this registry key with the Command Prompt window. You can also use this command in the 64-bit version of PowerShell.
```
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\NVIDIA Corporation\Global" /v vGamingMarketplace /t REG_DWORD /d 2
```
Run the following command in PowerShell. This downloads the certification file, renames the file GridSwCert.txt, and moves the file to the Public Documents folder on your system drive. Typically, the folder path is C:\Users\Public\Documents.
- For version 460.39 or later:
```
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCertWindows_2024_02_22.cert" -OutFile "$Env:PUBLIC\Documents\GridSwCert.txt"
```
- For version 445.87:
```
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Windows_2020_04.cert" -OutFile "$Env:PUBLIC\Documents\GridSwCert.txt"
```
- For earlier versions:
```
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://nvidia-gaming.s3.amazonaws.com/GridSwCert-Archive/GridSwCert-Windows_2019_09.cert" -OutFile "$Env:PUBLIC\Documents\GridSwCert.txt"
```
If you receive an error when downloading the file, and you are using Windows Server 2016 or earlier, TLS 1.2 might need to be enabled for your PowerShell terminal. You can enable TLS 1.2 for the current PowerShell session with the following command and then try again:
```
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
```
Reboot your instance.

Locate the nvidia-smi.exe file on the instance.


Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -Filter "nvidia-smi.exe"

Verify the NVIDIA Gaming license using the following command. Replace path with the name of the folder in the output from the previous command.


C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\path\nvidia-smi.exe -q

The output should be similar to the following.


vGPU Software Licensed Product
Product Name              : NVIDIA Cloud Gaming
License Status            : Licensed (Expiry: N/A)

(Optional) To help take advantage of the single display of up to 4K resolution, set up the high-performance display protocol Amazon DCV. If you do not require this functionality, do not complete this step.

Install an additional version of CUDA

After you install an NVIDIA graphics driver on your instance, you can install a version of CUDA other than the version that is bundled with the graphics driver. The following procedure demonstrates how to configure multiple versions of CUDA on the instance.

Follow these steps to install the CUDA toolkit on Linux:

Connect to your Linux instance.
Open the NVIDIA website and select the version of CUDA that you need.
Select the architecture, distribution, and version for the operating system on your instance. For Installer Type, select runfile (local).
Follow the instructions to download the install script.
Add run permissions to the install script that you downloaded using the following command.
```
[ec2-user ~]$ chmod +x downloaded_installer_file
```

Run the install script as follows to install the CUDA toolkit and add the CUDA version number to the toolkit path.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo sh downloaded_installer_file --silent --override --toolkit --samples --toolkitpath=/usr/local/cuda-version --samplespath=/usr/local/cuda --no-opengl-libs

(Optional) Set the default CUDA version as follows.


[ec2-user ~]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/cuda-version /usr/local/cuda

Follow these steps to install the CUDA toolkit on Windows:

To install the CUDA toolkit

Connect to your Windows instance.
Open the NVIDIA website and select the version of CUDA that you need.
For Installer Type, select exe (local) and then choose Download.
Using your browser, run the downloaded install file. Follow the instructions to install the CUDA toolkit. You might be required to reboot the instance.

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AMD drivers

Install the ENA driver on Windows

NVIDIA drivers for your Amazon EC2 instance

Contents

Types of NVIDIA drivers

Configured mode

NVIDIA control panel

Supported APIs for Tesla, GRID, and gaming drivers

Available drivers by instance type

Installation options

Options

Option 1: AMIs with NVIDIA drivers installed

Option 2: Public NVIDIA drivers

To download a public NVIDIA driver

Important

Option 3: GRID drivers (G6, Gr6, G6e, G5, G4dn, and G3 instances)

Considerations

Prerequisites

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your Linux instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA GRID driver on your Windows instance

PowerShell

Command Prompt

Option 4: NVIDIA gaming drivers (G5 and G4dn instances)

Considerations

Prerequisites

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your instance

To install the NVIDIA gaming driver on your Windows instance

PowerShell

Command Prompt

PowerShell

Command Prompt

Install an additional version of CUDA

To install the CUDA toolkit