Examining the key policy - Amazon Key Management Service
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Examining the key policy

Key policies are the primary way to control access to KMS keys. Every KMS key has exactly one key policy.

When a key policy consists of or includes the default key policy, the key policy allows IAM administrators in the account to use IAM policies to control access to the KMS key. Also, if the key policy gives another Amazon Web Services account permission to use the KMS key, the IAM administrators in the external account can use IAM policies to delegate those permissions. To determine the complete list of principals that can access the KMS key, examine the IAM policies.

To view the key policy of an Amazon KMS customer managed key or Amazon managed key in your account, use the Amazon Web Services Management Console or the GetKeyPolicy operation in the Amazon KMS API. To view the key policy, you must have kms:GetKeyPolicy permissions for the KMS key. For instructions for viewing the key policy for a KMS key, see View a key policies.

Examine the key policy document and take note of all principals specified in each policy statement's Principal element. In a policy statement with an Allow effect, the IAM users, IAM roles, and Amazon Web Services accounts in the Principal element have access to this KMS key.

Note

Do not set the Principal to an asterisk (*) in any key policy statement that allows permissions unless you use conditions to limit the key policy. An asterisk gives every identity in every Amazon Web Services account permission to use the KMS key, unless another policy statement explicitly denies it. Users in other Amazon Web Services accounts can use your KMS key whenever they have corresponding permissions in their own account.

The following examples use the policy statements found in the default key policy to demonstrate how to do this.

Example Policy statement 1
{
  "Sid": "Enable IAM User Permissions",
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:root"},
  "Action": "kms:*",
  "Resource": "*"
}

In policy statement 1, arn:aws:iam::111122223333:root is an Amazon account principal that refers to the Amazon Web Services account 111122223333. (It is not the account root user.) By default, a policy statement like this one is included in the key policy document when you create a new KMS key with the Amazon Web Services Management Console, or create a new KMS key programmatically but do not provide a key policy.

A key policy document with a statement that allows access to the Amazon Web Services account enables IAM policies in the account to allow access to the KMS key. This means that users and roles in the account might have access to the KMS key even if they are not explicitly listed as principals in the key policy document. Take care to examine all IAM policies in all Amazon Web Services accounts listed as principals to determine whether they allow access to this KMS key.

Example Policy statement 2
{
  "Sid": "Allow access for Key Administrators",
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/KMSKeyAdmins"},
  "Action": [
    "kms:Describe*",
    "kms:Put*",
    "kms:Create*",
    "kms:Update*",
    "kms:Enable*",
    "kms:Revoke*",
    "kms:List*",
    "kms:Disable*",
    "kms:Get*",
    "kms:Delete*",
    "kms:ScheduleKeyDeletion",
    "kms:CancelKeyDeletion"
  ],
  "Resource": "*"
}

In policy statement 2, arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/KMSKeyAdmins refers to the IAM role named KMSKeyAdmins in Amazon Web Services account 111122223333. Users who are authorized to assume this role are allowed to perform the actions listed in the policy statement, which are the administrative actions for managing a KMS key.

Example Policy statement 3
{
  "Sid": "Allow use of the key",
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/EncryptionApp"},
  "Action": [
    "kms:DescribeKey",
    "kms:GenerateDataKey*",
    "kms:Encrypt",
    "kms:ReEncrypt*",
    "kms:Decrypt"
  ],
  "Resource": "*"
}

In policy statement 3, arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/EncryptionApp refers to the IAM role named EncryptionApp in Amazon Web Services account 111122223333. Principals who are authorized to assume this role are allowed to perform the actions listed in the policy statement, which include the cryptographic operations for a symmetric encryption KMS key.

Example Policy statement 4
{
  "Sid": "Allow attachment of persistent resources",
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/EncryptionApp"},
  "Action": [
    "kms:ListGrants",
    "kms:CreateGrant",
    "kms:RevokeGrant"
  ],
  "Resource": "*",
  "Condition": {"Bool": {"kms:GrantIsForAWSResource": true}}
}

In policy statement 4, arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/EncryptionApp refers to the IAM role named EncryptionApp in Amazon Web Services account 111122223333. Principals who are authorized assume this role are allowed to perform the actions listed in the policy statement. These actions, when combined with the actions allowed in Example policy statement 3, are those necessary to delegate use of the KMS key to most Amazon services that integrate with Amazon KMS, specifically the services that use grants. The kms:GrantIsForAWSResource value in the Condition element ensures that the delegation is allowed only when the delegate is an Amazon service that integrates with Amazon KMS and uses grants for authorization.

To learn all the different ways you can specify a principal in a key policy document, see Specifying a Principal in the IAM User Guide.

To learn more about Amazon KMS key policies, see Key policies in Amazon KMS.